Experiencing bloating is like having a balloon filled with air in your stomach, causing discomfort and pain. Symptoms may include belching, swallowing air, and passing gas.

For some individuals, both bloating and distension have a negative impact on their quality of life. These symptoms may be associated with other gastrointestinal issues in individuals with FGIDs and motility disorders. Functional bloating, which is not related to changes in bowel movements, is also quite common.

Prevalence of abdominal bloating in individuals with FGIDs:
– IBS: 23%-96%
– Functional dyspepsia: 50%
– Chronic constipation: 56%

Researchers have put forward various theories to explain bloating and distension, such as excessive gas in the intestines, abnormal levels of bacteria in the small intestine, and food intolerances. Gastroparesis, a motility disorder, can also lead to bloating, and treatment options can vary.

Causes

Reports indicate that bloating is a common symptom among individuals with severe gastroparesis. Bacterial overgrowth, often seen in gastroparesis, is characterized by bloating. Tests like stool analysis and blood work can aid in diagnosing bloating or distension.

In addition to bacterial overgrowth, other causes of bloating may include swallowing excess air, certain medications, digestive disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and food intolerances. Keeping a food diary and noting when bloating occurs can help identify triggers.

It’s also important to note that bloating can be a sign of more serious conditions such as celiac disease, ovarian cancer, or liver disease. If bloating is persistent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and proper diagnosis.

Treatment

Effective communication with healthcare providers is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of bloating and distension. While there is no one-size-fits-all treatment, medications and therapies such as antispasmodics, probiotics, Rifaximin, and prokinetics may help alleviate symptoms.

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes can also play a significant role in managing bloating and distension. These changes may include dietary modifications such as avoiding gas-producing foods, eating smaller meals more frequently, and staying hydrated. Regular exercise and stress management techniques can also help improve overall digestive health.

Working with a healthcare provider

Due to the absence of a specific diagnostic test for bloating or distension, clear and concise description of symptoms to healthcare providers is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Key questions to address include:

• Am I experiencing bloating?
• Do I have distension?
• Is the symptom located in the upper or lower abdomen?

These tests include:

• Is your bloating or distension accompanied by burping?
• Do you have feelings of nausea or experience vomiting?
• Are your symptoms triggered by certain foods?

Medications and other therapies

Several medications can provide relief for symptoms of bloating and distension, including antispasmodics, probiotics, and antidepressants. In addition, psychological therapies and dietary adjustments, such as following a low FODMAP diet, can also be beneficial.

Conclusion

Bloating and distension are common symptoms that can be challenging to manage. With the guidance of a healthcare professional, individuals can explore diverse treatment options to alleviate their symptoms.

For personalized health guidance, it is recommended to consult a qualified healthcare provider. Discuss treatment options and medication usage with your physician, and disclose all medications and supplements being taken.

It is important for parents to be aware that causes of abdominal distension in children can range from normal underdeveloped abdominal walls to underlying diseases. Timely intervention and differentiation between cases are crucial for proper care and treatment.

Adapted from IFFGD publication #262 by Max Schmulson, MD, National Autonomous University of Mexico-UNAM.

This article was reviewed by Doctor Duong Van Sy – Neonatology Department, Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.

1. A big belly in a normal child

Infants may have a distended abdomen due to longer intestines and underdeveloped abdominal wall muscles. As they grow, the abdomen will slim down if the child is active, eats well, and sleeps adequately.

Observing a child’s stool can help in monitoring digestive health. Normal stool color and frequency indicate a healthy distended belly.

The following content is supervised by Ma Văn Thấm, MD, Vinmec Hai Phong.

2. Pathologically enlarged abdomen in children

A large abdomen in children may be a result of underlying diseases, presenting symptoms like poor appetite, jaundice, or weight loss.

Conditions like Hepatoblastoma or kidney tumors can lead to a distended abdomen in children. Intestinal obstruction is also an acute cause with severe symptoms.

3. Bloating due to gas

Bloating in children can be caused by factors such as overeating, consumption of fatty foods, or swallowing air while eating.

Common signs of bloating include a full feeling in the belly after eating and constipation. Gentle massage and proper feeding positions can help alleviate bloating.

healthdirect Australia provides free advice from nurses or doctors for health concerns.

Key facts

• Bloating, a sensation of fullness or distension in the abdomen, is common, especially in females.
• Bloating may have various causes like diet and may necessitate medical evaluation.

What is bloating?

Bloating is characterized by a feeling of a distended or stretched abdomen, more frequently observed in females.

This article delves into bloating related to intestinal gas.

Bloating can be caused by a variety of factors, including eating too quickly, swallowing air while eating or drinking, consuming gas-producing foods, and gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome or lactose intolerance.

Some common symptoms of bloating include abdominal pain or discomfort, a feeling of fullness, and excessive gas. Certain lifestyle changes, such as eating smaller meals, avoiding gas-producing foods, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly, can help alleviate bloating.

If bloating persists or is accompanied by severe pain, it is important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying medical conditions.

Other common symptoms related to bloating may include:

• Feeling of fullness or tightness in the abdomen
• Gas and flatulence
• Abdominal distention or swelling
• Rumbling or gurgling noises in the abdomen
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Indigestion
• Nausea

If you experience persistent or severe bloating along with any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.

What causes bloating?

Bloating can occur due to a variety of factors, including:

• Diet: Consuming certain foods that are known to cause bloating, such as beans, lentils, cruciferous vegetables, and carbonated beverages.
• Air swallowing: Eating or drinking too quickly, chewing gum, or smoking can introduce excess air into the digestive system, leading to bloating.
• Specific conditions: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance, or other gastrointestinal conditions can contribute to bloating.

If you experience consistent bloating that is affecting your quality of life, it may be wise to seek evaluation by a dietitian or gastroenterologist to determine the underlying cause and explore potential treatment options.

How is the cause of bloating diagnosed?

Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms, diet, and family history. Diagnostic tests like blood work may be recommended.

Further investigations like gastroscopy or colonoscopy may be suggested to rule out other causes of bloating.

In addition to these tests, your doctor may also recommend a breath test to check for conditions like small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or lactose intolerance, which can contribute to bloating.

Keeping a food diary can also be helpful in identifying specific foods that may be causing bloating, which can help in creating a personalized diet plan to manage symptoms.

When should I see my doctor?

If bloating persists, seek medical advice. Immediate medical attention is recommended if bloating is accompanied by severe symptoms.

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Use the Question Builder for guidance on what to discuss with your GP or specialist before your appointment.

How is bloating treated?

Treatment for bloating depends on the underlying cause. Making dietary adjustments can be beneficial, but consult with your doctor or dietitian beforehand. Take note of foods that worsen bloating and discuss them with your healthcare provider.

If bloating is coupled with constipation, consider:

• Incorporating high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Increasing water intake
• Engaging in regular exercise

Medicines and supplements for bloating

Your doctor may prescribe medications for bloating, such as those targeting constipation or digestion. They might also recommend modifying your gut microbiome with probiotics or dietary changes.

Other treatment options

For certain causes of bloating, psychological or behavioral therapies could be beneficial. Discuss with your doctor if these treatment approaches are suitable for you.

In addition to dietary adjustments and medications, some people find relief from bloating by practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation. Physical therapies like massage or acupuncture may also help alleviate bloating symptoms for some individuals.

Resources and support

For bloating related to diet, IBS, or food intolerances, consider visiting Dietitians Australia for more information. Nutrition Australia and the Gastroenterological Society of Australia also offer resources on gut health conditions.

Contact the healthdirect helpline for assistance at 1800 022 222 (NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria).

It is important to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and management of bloating symptoms.

Sources:

Last reviewed: October 2024

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