This guide is designed for individuals who have suffered a mild head injury, also known as concussion, and their family members. It is intended to provide support for those in the early stages of recovery as well as those dealing with long-lasting effects.
In the following sections:
Visit our Concussion Aware campaign page to learn about ways to raise awareness of concussion protocols in sports.
Some common signs and symptoms of concussion include:
- Headache or pressure in the head
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Confusion or feeling dazed
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering
- Feeling tired or sluggish
- Changes in mood or behavior
If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms after a head injury, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Concussions can have serious consequences if not properly diagnosed and treated.
What is concussion?
A concussion, often called a mild head injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), occurs when the brain is jolted inside the skull, resulting in mild damage. It is typically caused by falls, car accidents, assaults, and sports-related incidents.
While most cases do not lead to long-term issues, there may be a temporary disruption in brain function for a few weeks.
Key characteristics of a concussion include:
- Loss of consciousness lasting less than 30 minutes (or no loss of consciousness) within 24 hours of the injury (accompanied by confusion and memory loss)
It’s important to note that only about 10% of reported cases involve loss of consciousness, making it a limited indicator of concussion.
What are the symptoms of concussion?
Following a mild head injury, individuals may experience symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, confusion, difficulty processing information, sensitivity to light, and visual disturbances. Loss of consciousness is rare.
Although complications are uncommon after a mild head injury, they may necessitate emergency medical intervention. Be vigilant for warning signs.
While most people recover within a few days or weeks, some may continue to experience symptoms known as post-concussion syndrome.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms after a head injury:
- Severe headache
- Loss of consciousness
- Vomiting
- Slurred speech
- Unequal pupil size
Remember, it’s better to be safe than sorry when it comes to head injuries. Always seek medical advice if you have any concerns.
When should I seek medical advice after concussion?
It is essential to have a responsible adult present after a concussion. Seek immediate medical attention if specific symptoms occur.
- Loss of consciousness
- Disorientation
- Hearing loss
- Speech difficulties
- Balance problems
- Vision issues
- Weakness in limbs
- Inability to wake up
- Vomiting
- Bleeding from ears
- Fluid from ears or nose
- Seizures
- Excessive drowsiness
- Severe headache
Dos and don’ts in the first few days after concussion
This information is not a substitute for a medical examination. Contact your healthcare provider or call 111 for evaluation. In case of emergencies, dial 999.
- Do rest and give your brain time to recover
- Do avoid physically demanding activities and sports
- Do avoid screens and bright lights as much as possible
- Do stay hydrated and eat nutritious foods
- Don’t ignore any worsening symptoms, such as severe headache or confusion
- Don’t consume alcohol or recreational drugs
- Don’t return to work or school until you have been cleared by a healthcare provider
- Don’t engage in activities that could put you at risk for another head injury
Post-concussion syndrome (PCS)
Concussion symptoms can be severe and may include nausea, headaches, dizziness, memory problems, fatigue, and even anxiety or depression. Persistent symptoms are referred to as post-concussion syndrome.
What are the symptoms of post-concussion syndrome?
Common symptoms of post-concussion syndrome may include headaches, irritability, dizziness, restlessness, nausea, and memory difficulties, among others.
How long does post-concussion syndrome last?
While symptoms typically resolve within days or weeks, some individuals may experience prolonged effects. Seeking medical assistance is crucial if symptoms exacerbate or persist beyond two weeks.
Neurologists and other specialists can provide support with assessment and management.
Treatment options for post-concussion syndrome
In addition to seeking medical assistance, individuals with post-concussion syndrome may benefit from rest, cognitive therapy, physical therapy, and medication to manage symptoms such as headaches and depression. It is important to follow the treatment plan prescribed by healthcare professionals to facilitate recovery.
Preventing post-concussion syndrome
While it is not always possible to prevent concussions, taking precautions such as wearing appropriate protective gear during sports and recreational activities, following safety guidelines, and seeking prompt medical attention if a concussion is suspected can help reduce the risk of developing post-concussion syndrome.
Managing concussion
There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for concussion, but with proper care and rest, most people recover successfully. Educating family members and employers about the impact is essential for planning, which may involve temporary work modifications and stress reduction.
Physical exertion can exacerbate symptoms, especially in mentally demanding occupations. Our booklet contains tips for managing post-concussion effects.
Concussion in sport
Head injuries, particularly in sports like football and rugby, are common. Concussions can sometimes go unnoticed, underscoring the importance of prioritizing player safety. When in doubt, seek medical guidance.
Following a concussion, a gradual return-to-play protocol should be followed, with clearance from a healthcare professional before resuming activities.
Understanding the risks of concussions in sports, particularly at grassroots levels, is crucial for prevention.
It’s important for coaches, parents, and athletes to be educated on the signs and symptoms of a concussion, as well as the proper steps to take if a concussion is suspected. Immediate removal from play and evaluation by a healthcare professional is essential to prevent further injury.
Proper equipment, such as helmets, should be worn at all times during contact sports to help reduce the risk of head injuries. Regular monitoring and evaluation of equipment is also important to ensure it is providing adequate protection.
What are the risks of ignoring concussion?
In contrast to external injuries, head injuries such as concussions may not manifest symptoms immediately. Timely treatment and monitoring are essential to prevent long-term repercussions.
Persistent symptoms or the development of Second Impact Syndrome can occur if a new head injury occurs before recovery from a previous one. Seeking medical attention after a concussion is imperative.
Returning to play after a concussion puts players at risk of sustaining a serious brain injury, as well as increasing susceptibility to other injuries and diminished performance.
Ignoring a concussion can lead to long-term cognitive issues, such as memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and mood changes. It can also increase the likelihood of developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disease.
Continuing physical activity or sports after a concussion without proper rest and recovery can prolong symptoms and delay healing. It is crucial to follow a healthcare provider’s instructions for returning to activities gradually.
Education and awareness about concussions are key in preventing long-term consequences. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a concussion and seeking prompt medical attention can help prevent further damage and promote recovery.
Additional Information on Concussion
Concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that should not be taken lightly. Here are some important points to remember:
- It is crucial to seek medical attention if you suspect a concussion, even if you did not lose consciousness.
- Rest is key to allowing the brain to heal properly after a concussion. Avoid physical and cognitive exertion.
- Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to concussions and may take longer to recover compared to adults.
- Repeated concussions can have long-term consequences, including memory and concentration difficulties.
- Wearing appropriate protective gear during sports and activities can help reduce the risk of sustaining a concussion.
Remember, taking care of your brain health is essential for overall well-being. Stay informed and prioritize safety when it comes to potential head injuries.
Recovery from concussion and further information
Most individuals fully recover from mild head injuries within 3-4 months, but a small percentage may encounter more challenges.
For further information, download our booklet Mild head injury and concussion (PDF).
How severe is the brain injury?
Factors that can influence the severity of brain injury and potential long-term effects.
Effects of brain injury
Insights into challenges post-brain injury and strategies for coping with them.
Concussion Aware
Headway’s mission to safeguard sports players from concussion risks.
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Each individual may experience unique concussion symptoms that can evolve during recovery and are most pronounced immediately after the injury.
- Symptoms can vary
- Monitor changes during recovery
- Symptoms peak shortly after injury
- Symptoms differ based on age
In young children or individuals with disabilities, signs and symptoms may appear later and be harder to identify.
Symptoms: What your child may experience or report after a concussion
Physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep disturbances are common concussion symptoms.
Signs: What to watch for according to your child’s age
Following a head injury, infants, toddlers, and pre-schoolers may exhibit irritability, changes in sleep patterns, or alterations in behavior.
School-aged children and adolescents may display confusion, memory difficulties, or behavioral changes.
Concussion danger signs
Recognize the indications of a potential concussion or more severe brain injury.
Consult healthdirect Australia for guidance on head injuries.
In the event of a severe head injury, contact emergency services immediately if there are signs of unconsciousness or bleeding.
Other symptoms of a concussion may include headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and sensitivity to light or noise. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms after a head injury.
Key facts
- Head injuries can range from mild to severe, affecting the brain without visible signs.
- The severity can result in conditions like concussion or brain hemorrhage.
- For serious head injuries, seek urgent medical attention.
- Most individuals recover within 2 days from minor injuries, but gradual return to regular activities is advised.
- To prevent head injuries, wear a seat belt, avoid falls, and practice safe sports.
- Explore the ways we can support you
- Register for our services
What is a head injury?
A head injury involves a blow or impact to the head, ranging from mild to severe, potentially leading to brain injuries such as concussion or brain hemorrhage.
Symptoms may not be immediate, potentially resulting in permanent disability or fatality.
The impact force usually correlates with the severity of the injury.
Always seek medical attention for head injuries.
Common causes of head injuries include falls, sports-related injuries, car accidents, and violence.
It is important to wear appropriate protective gear to prevent head injuries, especially during activities with a high risk of impact.
Treatments for head injuries vary depending on the severity, but may include rest, medication, surgery, or rehabilitation.
Recovery from a head injury can be a long process, requiring patience and proper medical care.
What are the symptoms of a head injury?
Symptoms of a minor head injury without concussion may include a bump or bruise, absence of vomiting, alertness, and normal interaction.
Monitor at home and consult a healthcare provider for any new symptoms.
Concussion typically causes temporary disruption of brain function, resulting in confusion or loss of consciousness. Seek immediate help for severe symptoms following a head injury.
Other symptoms to watch for after a head injury may include headache, dizziness, sensitivity to light or noise, changes in mood or behavior, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and sleep disturbances.
If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to ensure proper evaluation and treatment.
If you experience symptoms such as severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, or sudden vision changes, it is important to call an ambulance or go to the emergency department immediately.
Other reasons to seek immediate medical attention include severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, high fever with a stiff neck, sudden dizziness or difficulty walking, or any other sudden and severe symptoms that cause concern.
What should I do while waiting for an ambulance?
If unresponsive with no breathing or circulation, administer CPR, or support the neck and head if conscious. Apply pressure to wounds and await paramedics if a helmet is worn.
What are the causes of head injuries?
Common causes of head injuries include car accidents, falls, sports-related incidents, assaults, and accidents at home or work.
How is a head injury treated?
Receive Medical Care for Pain Relief and Monitoring
If you are experiencing head injuries, it is important to seek medical care for pain relief, CT scans, and proper monitoring at the hospital. Remember to rest, limit activities, and refrain from consuming alcohol or medications that can exacerbate symptoms. Consult a healthcare professional before resuming normal activities or medications.
It is crucial to follow the medical advice given by healthcare professionals to ensure proper healing and recovery. Be sure to attend all follow-up appointments and adhere to any recommended treatments or therapies. Additionally, be vigilant of any new or worsening symptoms that may arise and report them to your healthcare provider immediately.
In order to prevent future head injuries, take precautions such as wearing protective gear during physical activities, practicing safe driving habits, and maintaining a safe environment at home and work. Stay informed about concussion symptoms and treatment options to protect yourself and others from unnecessary harm.
Prevent Head Injuries by Taking Precautions
To prevent head injuries, make sure to wear seat belts, helmets, drive safely, and avoid falls. It is crucial to fully recover before engaging in any risky activities.
Additionally, it is important to ensure that children are properly supervised when engaging in activities that could result in a head injury. Educating children about the importance of safety measures such as wearing helmets while riding bicycles or participating in sports can help prevent accidents.
Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help in identifying any potential risks or conditions that could increase the likelihood of head injuries. Taking proactive steps towards preventing head injuries can greatly reduce the risk of long-term consequences and improve overall quality of life.
Recovery Time for Mild Head Injuries
Mild head injuries in adults typically resolve within 2 days, while in children it may take up to 4 weeks. If you experience ongoing symptoms, seek medical advice from a doctor.
Seek Support for Head Injuries
If you need assistance or guidance regarding head injuries, do not hesitate to contact the healthdirect helpline or other available resources for support.
More Information on Head Injuries
For additional information on head injuries, refer to trusted partners for comprehensive details.
Watch Videos and Download Information Sheets
For specific content on reducing brain injury risk and information on head injuries in different languages, watch informative videos and download information sheets.
Last reviewed: December 2023
Explore detailed information on traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and their effects on brain tissue due to head impacts, whether non-penetrating or penetrating.
Learn About CTE and Its Impact in Australia
Discover more about Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and its impact on Australia. Visit the Brain Foundation website for additional insights.
Information on Explosions and Kinetic Energy Injuries
Explosions can release significant kinetic energy that can result in various types of injuries. Find detailed information on Connectivity Traumatic Brain Injury Australia website.
Understanding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS)
Explore the complex condition of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS), which includes Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. This alcohol-related brain injury is associated with prolonged alcohol use.
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