Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the Japanese government enforced various measures to control infections, such as declaring states of emergency, closing schools, and promoting the use of masks and hand hygiene. These actions led to a decline in influenza and pediatric infections in Japan, but concerns have emerged about a potential resurgence post-pandemic due to increased susceptibility among children.

An analysis of national infectious disease data in Japan from 2012 to 2021 examined the changes in pediatric infections during the pandemic. Various diseases like varicella, gastroenteritis, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among children under 15 were monitored to understand the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric infections.

The study utilized weekly data from the National Institute of Infectious Disease to categorize pediatric infections into different groups based on seasonality. Despite initial decreases in reporting during the pandemic, most diseases eventually returned to expected levels, with some like RSV showing excess reporting in 2021.

The findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring of pediatric infections post-COVID-19 to prevent potential resurgences and outbreaks, especially considering the risks posed by diseases like RSV to vulnerable populations.

Unique_Heading_2

For more information, data can be accessed on the Japan National Institute for Infectious Diseases (NIID) website. In addition, the NIID website provides updates on current infectious disease outbreaks, research findings, and resources for healthcare professionals and the general public to stay informed about infectious diseases in Japan. Visitors can also access information on preventive measures, vaccination recommendations, and guidelines for managing and controlling infectious diseases.

Unique_Heading_3

This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (21H03203).

Unique_Heading_4

Unique_Subheading_1

Affiliations:

• Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. Authors: Cyrus Ghaznavi, Takayuki Kawashima, Daisuke Yoneoka & Shuhei Nomura.
• Additional affiliations: Department of Dermatology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Authors: Vanessa Ngan, Hon A/Prof Amanda Oakley.

Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2002. Updated by Hon A/Prof Amanda Oakley, September 2015.

Unique_Heading_6

Roseola, caused by human herpes virus type 6B (HHV-6B) and possibly type 7 (HHV-7), manifests as a high rash on the face and body.

Unique_Subheading_2

Roseola primarily affects children aged 6 to 12 months, with the majority of cases occurring in those under 2 years old. Infections are rare in older children and adults, with higher likelihood in spring and fall.

Unique_Heading_7

If a child contracts roseola, symptoms may take up to 15 days to appear, starting with a sudden high fever lasting several days before a rash develops.

Unique_Subheading_3

High fever: Roseola onset includes a high fever lasting 3 to 7 days, followed by a rash on the body.

General malaise: Additional symptoms during the fever can include fatigue, swollen glands, and mild diarrhea, among others.

Rash: A non-itchy rash appears after the fever breaks, affecting areas like the chest, stomach, and face.

Unique_Subheading_4

Roseola can usually be diagnosed based on symptoms and physical examination, with lab tests rarely necessary except to rule out other conditions.

Unique_Heading_8

While usually mild, roseola can lead to high fevers, especially in infants. Seizures may occur, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Unique_Subheading_5

Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for complications like meningitis or encephalitis due to roseola.

Roseola, also known as sixth disease, is a common viral illness that primarily affects young children. It is typically characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, followed by a pinkish-red rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the limbs. The rash is usually not itchy and may come and go for a few days.

Most cases of roseola resolve on their own without specific treatment, but it is important to monitor the child’s fever and watch for any signs of complications. In rare cases, roseola can lead to more serious conditions such as seizures, so immediate medical attention should be sought if seizures occur.

Preventing the spread of roseola involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick. If a child is diagnosed with roseola, they should be kept home from school or daycare until they are no longer contagious.

Unique_Heading_9

There is no specific treatment for roseola; focus on keeping the child comfortable and hydrated. Seek medical advice if needed.

Unique_Heading_10

Prevention of roseola is challenging, but promoting good hand hygiene practices can aid in reducing the spread of viral infections.

Unique_Subheading_6

• Medscape: Roseola Infantum in Emergency Medicine
• The Nemours Foundation, KidsHealth: Roseola
• Cleveland Clinic: Roseola
• Roseola Infantum. StatPearls. July 2023
• American Osteopathic College of Dermatology: Roseola Infantum
• Boston Children’s Hospital: What is roseola?
• MedlinePlus: Roseola
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Roseola Infantum
• AAP: Roseola-Viral Rash
• AAP: Fever Without Fear: Information for Parents
• AAP: Febrile Seizures in Children

If you have any questions about Happiest Baby products, our consultants are here to assist you. Feel free to submit your inquiries here.

Please note that the information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for specific medical concerns.