Common causes of vomiting in children include viral infections, food poisoning, motion sickness, overeating, and emotional stress. In some cases, vomiting can also be a symptom of more serious conditions such as appendicitis, meningitis, or a bowel obstruction. It is important for parents to take note of any accompanying symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, dehydration, or blood in vomit, as these may indicate a more severe underlying issue.

When a child vomits, it is important to keep them hydrated by offering small sips of clear fluids such as water, electrolyte solutions, or oral rehydration solutions. It is also recommended to gradually reintroduce bland, easy-to-digest foods once vomiting has subsided. If vomiting persists for more than 24 hours, or if the child shows signs of dehydration, lethargy, or severe abdominal pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

Signs and Symptoms of Vomiting in Children

Vomiting typically serves as a symptom of an underlying problem. The duration and accompanying symptoms, such as fever, can provide insight into the severity of the root cause. Frequent vomiting can lead to dehydration and necessitates medical intervention.

Parents should reach out to a healthcare professional if vomiting persists for more than a few hours in infants or young children, or more than 24 hours in older children. Medical attention is crucial if the child displays signs of dehydration, blood in vomit, lethargy, severe headache, or abdominal pain.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a rare form of recurrent vomiting.

Potential Causes of Vomiting

Vomiting can stem from various factors such as gastrointestinal infections, food poisoning, motion sickness, overeating, emotional stress, or reactions to substances or medications. Chronic vomiting may be linked to milk allergies, structural anomalies, or psychological disorders. Additionally, vomiting can manifest as a result of migraine headaches, abnormal blood sugar levels, accidental ingestion of toxins, or specific cancers.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if vomiting persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in vomit. Treatment for vomiting may vary depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, dietary changes, or other interventions to address the root issue.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing vomiting often commences with a physical examination and review of medical history. Diagnostic tests may include blood work, stool analysis, urine tests, and imaging scans like X-rays or MRIs. Evaluating signs of dehydration is pivotal.

Treatment Approaches

Management of vomiting entails addressing dehydration risks and soothing the stomach to alleviate nausea. Offering clear fluids while abstaining from solid foods can aid in preventing dehydration. Motion sickness-induced vomiting can be averted through proper seating arrangements and engaging activities.

Key Points to Remember

• Spitting up differs from vomiting in children.
• Viral gastroenteritis is a common trigger for vomiting in children.
• Severe vomiting can lead to dehydration.
• Vomiting often necessitates medical attention.
• Rehydration solutions can aid in maintaining children’s hydration levels.

The Commonality of Vomiting in Children

Vomiting is prevalent among children and frequently prompts medical consultations. The forceful expulsion originating from the stomach in vomiting heightens the risk of dehydration. Various factors can instigate vomiting, with viral gastroenteritis being a prominent cause.

In addition to viral gastroenteritis, other common causes of vomiting in children include food poisoning, motion sickness, migraines, and infections. It is important for parents to monitor their child’s vomiting episodes and seek medical attention if they become frequent or severe.

Dehydration is a major concern when children vomit, as it can quickly lead to electrolyte imbalances and other complications. Parents should ensure their child stays hydrated by offering small sips of water or oral rehydration solutions.

If vomiting persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, or lethargy, it is important to seek medical advice promptly. A healthcare provider can help determine the underlying cause of the vomiting and recommend appropriate treatment.

Associated Symptoms and Complications

Children experiencing vomiting may exhibit additional symptoms like diarrhea. Projectile vomiting, dizziness, and respiratory issues may also manifest.

Refer to the Symptom Checker tool for guidance on seeking medical attention.

Potential Serious Causes of Vomiting

Vomiting in children may be linked to infections or severe medical conditions including gastroenteritis, food poisoning, toxin exposure, COVID-19, and urinary tract infections.

Familiarize Yourself with Common Causes of Vomiting:

• Intussusception (intestinal obstruction)
• Pyloric stenosis (narrowing of the stomach valve)
• Raised intracranial pressure
• Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
• Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix)

Consultation and Treatment

Keep your healthcare provider informed about the duration of your child’s vomiting and any accompanying symptoms for accurate diagnosis. Assessing signs of dehydration is crucial. Diagnostic tests can aid in identifying the cause of persistent vomiting and referral to a specialist if necessary.

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Utilize the Question Builder to prepare for medical appointments.

When to Seek Medical Assistance

Infants under 6 months experiencing vomiting should be assessed by a healthcare professional. Children with underlying health issues such as diabetes should also consult a doctor regarding vomiting.

Guidelines for Seeking Medical Care Based on Vomiting Duration:

• Infants under 6 months or under 8kg
• Children under 3 years vomiting for 12 hours
• Children under 6 years vomiting for 24 hours
• Children 6 years or older vomiting for 48 hours

If worrying symptoms emerge, proceed to the emergency department promptly.

Additional Information:

If vomiting is accompanied by high fever, severe abdominal pain, dehydration, persistent diarrhea, blood in vomit, or any other concerning symptoms, seek medical assistance immediately.

It’s important to monitor fluid intake and output, as well as overall well-being, when dealing with vomiting in children. Rehydration solutions can be helpful in preventing dehydration.

Keep track of the duration and frequency of vomiting episodes, as well as any other symptoms that may be present. This information will be valuable for healthcare providers in determining the best course of action.

Management of Childhood Vomiting

Most cases of childhood vomiting are linked to viral gastroenteritis and can be managed at home. Infants under 6 months or dehydrated individuals should seek medical attention.

Home Care and Hydration

Vomiting often resolves spontaneously without specific treatment. Focusing on adequate hydration is essential. Offer oral rehydration solutions to replenish lost fluids and minerals. Care for viral gastroenteritis at home, emphasizing hydration protocols.

For young children and infants:

• Encourage frequent breastfeeding or provide oral rehydration solutions
• Switch to oral rehydration formulas for 12 hours
• Promote rest and observe activity restrictions

For older children:

• Offer clear fluids at regular intervals
• Preference for oral rehydration solutions
• Avoid sports beverages and acidic drinks
• Allow temporary avoidance of solid foods
• Promote rest and recovery

Keep children home from school until there are no loose bowel movements for 24 hours. Consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist if concerns persist.

Management of Medications

Anti-emetic medications are not recommended for children without professional advice. Opt for easily accessible oral rehydration solutions from pharmacies.

SEARCHING FOR MEDICATIONS? — Utilize the Medicines information tool for brand-specific or ingredient-related searches.

Tailored Treatment Approaches

Treatment strategies vary based on the trigger of vomiting, including:

• Preventative measures for motion sickness
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Hospital-based care for meningitis
• Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in a medical setting
• Surgical interventions for conditions like appendicitis

Preventing the Spread of Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis serves as a primary cause of childhood vomiting and is highly transmissible. Mitigate transmission risks by practicing regular handwashing and adhering to food safety protocols.

• Avoid sending your child to nursery, daycare, or school until they have not vomited for at least 24 hours.

If your child experiences vomiting after eating specific foods, seek advice from a doctor or dietitian.

Vaccines are available to prevent causes of vomiting such as rotavirus or meningitis.

Complications of vomiting in children

To prevent dehydration in case of vomiting, monitor your child’s fluid intake to prevent dehydration from the loss of fluids during vomiting episodes.

Symptoms of severe dehydration may include:

• Less than 4 wet diapers a day for infants
• Dry mouth, tongue, and lips
• Sunken eyes
• Listlessness or irritability
• Reduced tears while crying

In cases of dehydration, hospital treatment for rehydration may be necessary, with fluids administered through a nasogastric tube or intravenous drip.

If your child continues to vomit and is unable to keep fluids down, seek medical attention immediately to prevent further complications such as electrolyte imbalances and organ damage.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider if your child experiences persistent vomiting, as it could be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that requires medical intervention.

Resources and support

For more information and support, check out these resources:

• The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne — Kids’ health information.
• The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network — Fact sheets.

Explore food allergy symptoms at Nip allergies in the Bub.

If you need advice for your child, contact healthdirect at 1800 022 222 to speak with a registered nurse, 24/7.

Pregnancy, Birth and Baby provides a list of resources. Visit Who can I call for information and advice?

Source:

Last reviewed: February 2024

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Gastroenteritis factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

Gastroenteritis, commonly known as gastro, is a frequent issue in babies and children, leading to cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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Dehydration & fluid loss: children & teens | Raising Children Network

Dehydration can result from diarrhea, vomiting, or inadequate fluid intake. Combat dehydration by providing additional fluids.

Find more information on raisingchildren.net.au website

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