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In case of intense pain in the abdomen, it is advised to proceed immediately to the closest hospital emergency department or contact triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

Key facts

• Abdominal pain can manifest as aching, stabbing, burning, twisting, cramping, or dull sensations felt between the lower ribs and pelvis.
• While most cases of abdominal pain resolve without specific treatment, they should not be disregarded as they may indicate a more serious condition.
• Consult medical help if symptoms are severe, worsening, recurrent, or persistent.

Abdominal pain can have many different causes, including digestive issues such as indigestion, constipation, or diarrhea. It can also be related to more serious conditions such as appendicitis, gallstones, or stomach ulcers.

Common symptoms of abdominal pain may include bloating, nausea, vomiting, fever, or changes in bowel movements. It’s important to pay attention to these symptoms and seek medical attention if they persist or worsen.

Treatment for abdominal pain will depend on the underlying cause. It may involve medications, changes in diet or lifestyle, or surgery in more severe cases. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate course of action.

Other symptoms that may be associated with abdominal pain include bloating, diarrhea, constipation, fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue.

In some cases, abdominal pain can be a sign of a serious medical condition such as appendicitis, gallbladder disease, kidney stones, or inflammatory bowel disease.

If you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by fever, vomiting, blood in the stool, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

What causes abdominal pain?

While digestive tract issues are common causes of abdominal pain, it can also involve other organs such as kidneys or reproductive organs.

Possible causes related to the gut include infections, GORD, hiatus hernia, or peptic ulcers; medication use and other organ-related problems can also lead to abdominal pain.

If concerned about the impact of medications on abdominal pain, consulting with a doctor is advisable.

Other potential causes of abdominal pain may include food poisoning, constipation, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, appendicitis, or gynecological issues such as ovarian cysts or endometriosis.

It is important to pay attention to the location, severity, and duration of abdominal pain, as well as any other accompanying symptoms, in order to determine the underlying cause and seek appropriate medical treatment.

How is the cause of abdominal pain diagnosed?

Abdominal pain is a prevalent issue that necessitates evaluation by a doctor based on symptoms, medical history, and physical examination.

Additional tests or referrals to specialists may be recommended for further evaluation and management.

Before a doctor’s appointment, utilize the Question Builder tool for guidance on inquiries to ask your GP or specialist.

When should I see my doctor?

If experiencing recurrent, persistent, or worsening abdominal pain, seeking medical advice is crucial.

Similarly, symptoms like bleeding, changes in bowel habits, swelling, unexplained weight loss, or fevers warrant medical attention.

Pregnant individuals experiencing abdominal pain should consult with a doctor or midwife.

When to seek urgent care

In case of severe abdominal pain, urgent medical assistance should be sought immediately, or an ambulance should be called.

Urgent care is essential for worsening or persistent pain, pain interfering with sleep, or pain radiating to other areas.

If accompanied by symptoms like bleeding, vomiting, inability to urinate, fever, or a bloated abdomen, prompt medical attention is necessary.

If pain exacerbates during physical activity, considerations for angina or a heart attack should prompt seeking medical help.

How is abdominal pain treated?

The treatment of abdominal pain is tailored to the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle adjustments, medications, or surgical interventions.

Self-care at home

Mild abdominal pain may resolve within a few days naturally.

To alleviate mild pain, staying hydrated, avoiding specific foods, resting, using hot packs, and consulting a pharmacist for pain relief are recommended.

Severe or recurring pain should be addressed by a healthcare professional.

Medicines for mild abdominal pain

Pharmacy medications can provide relief for mild abdominal pain, offering options such as pain-relief, antispasmodic, anti-flatulence, or antacid treatments.

Unless for period pain, it is advised to avoid aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs for abdominal pain, as they can exacerbate stomach-related issues.

Other treatment options

Abdominal pain treatments vary depending on the cause, sometimes necessitating dietary modifications or emergency surgical procedures.

Can abdominal pain be prevented?

Maintaining gut health can be achieved through a diet rich in fiber, regular physical activity, adequate hydration, and limiting alcohol consumption.

Specific diets may aid conditions like lactose intolerance or coeliac disease, but it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before making dietary changes.

Resources and support

For further information on abdominal pain, contact the Gut Foundation or reach out to healthdirect for 24/7 medical advice.

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Are there associated features?

Blood in the urine, along with side pain, may indicate kidney stones.

Vomiting combined with central abdominal pain could suggest a small bowel obstruction. Severe constipation with side pain might signify a large bowel obstruction.

Do you have a history of previous surgery or radiation therapy to the abdomen?

Complications from recent surgery on abdominal organs can lead to issues, such as abdominal pain induced by an infection.

Surgical procedures or radiation therapy may cause scarring of the tissues surrounding the bowel, known as adhesions, triggering bowel obstruction.

Examinations and tests

If necessary, examinations and tests may entail:

• Rectal examination to identify hidden blood or other concerns
• Check-up of the penis and scrotum
• Pelvic examination to assess the womb, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and perform a pregnancy test
• Blood tests to detect infections or bleeding
• Enzyme blood tests to evaluate liver, pancreas, and heart health
• Urine analysis for signs of infection or blood
• ECG to exclude a heart attack
• X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans
• Endoscopy for internal organ examination with a camera
• Referral to a specialist if required

If tests are conducted, the results will be explained by the doctor. Some results might take days to process and will be forwarded to your local doctor.

Additional treatments for abdominal pain in adults may include:

• Antibiotics – if the pain is caused by an infection
• Surgery – for conditions such as appendicitis or gallbladder issues
• Dietary changes – to address issues such as food intolerances or gastrointestinal problems
• Physical therapy – for musculoskeletal issues contributing to the pain
• Counseling or stress management – if the pain is linked to psychological factors

It is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain.

Taking care of yourself at home

Most cases of abdominal pain resolve without specific treatment. To alleviate discomfort, you can:

• Apply a hot water bottle or heated wheat bag on your abdominal area
• Take a warm bath
• Stay hydrated with clear fluids
• Limited intake of coffee, tea, and alcohol
• Commence with clear liquids and progress to bland foods
• Rest
• Consider over-the-counter antacids or mild pain relievers like paracetamol

Where to get help

• Your GP (doctor)

Need treatment today?

If immediate treatment is required for non-life-threatening conditions and you are unable to see your GP, alternative services are available.