Over-the-counter medications can effectively treat rashes in children.

If unsure, a pediatric dermatologist can offer guidance on whether to monitor the rash at home or seek medical assistance.

Hives

Hives, characterized by red and itchy welts, are often a result of allergies.

While most hives can be managed with antihistamines, seek medical attention if there is facial swelling or breathing difficulties.

It is important to identify and avoid triggers that cause hives, such as certain foods, medications, insect bites, or environmental factors.

Applying cool compresses or taking an oatmeal bath can help relieve itching and discomfort associated with hives.

If hives persist for more than a few days or continue to recur, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment.

Contact Allergy Rashes

When skin comes into contact with an irritating substance, it can lead to contact allergies.

To treat these rashes, stop contact with the irritant and use over-the-counter ointments.

Bacterial Rashes

Impetigo, a bacterial infection, presents as red, raw, and crusty skin.

Treat impetigo with topical antibiotics, and seek medical help if the infection spreads or if there is a fever.

Rashes caused by medication allergies can vary in severity and presentation. Some rashes may be mild and occur as a result of a minor allergic reaction, while others can be more severe and widespread. It is important to pay attention to the location of the rash, especially if it affects sensitive areas such as the lips or eyes, as this can indicate a more serious reaction.

If you notice that the rash is spreading rapidly, or if the skin appears cracked, blistered, or raw, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Severe allergic reactions can lead to complications, so it is important to have a healthcare provider evaluate the rash and determine the appropriate course of action.

Rashes Due to Viral Infections

Viral infections that cause rashes can be contagious, so isolate the affected child from others.

Use antihistamines or creams to alleviate discomfort and keep track of their fever levels.

Many common childhood skin rashes can be effectively treated at home.

What to do if a child has a rash

Phone 999 or go to A&E now if:

If your child experiences severe rash symptoms, seek urgent medical attention.

• Stiff neck
• High fever
• Difficulty breathing

If you notice pale skin or unusual skin discoloration, seek help immediately.

Ask for an urgent GP appointment or phone 111 if:

• If you have concerns about your child’s rash, consult a doctor.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin.

Symptoms

Look out for redness, heat, and tenderness in the affected skin area.

If you notice sudden changes in the skin, consult a doctor or visit a clinic.

Treatment

Most cases of cellulitis can be treated with antibiotics.

It is important to finish the full course of antibiotics prescribed by your healthcare provider to ensure the infection is completely eradicated.

Elevating the affected area and applying warm compresses can also help with pain and swelling.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox presents as an itchy, spotty rash in children.

Symptoms

While there is no specific treatment for chickenpox, symptoms can be managed with remedies available at pharmacies.

Prevention

The chickenpox vaccine is the best way to prevent the disease. It is recommended for all children and adults who have not had chickenpox.

Complications

In some cases, chickenpox can lead to complications such as bacterial infections of the skin, pneumonia, or encephalitis. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any concerning symptoms.

Eczema

Atopic eczema is a common long-term skin condition in children.

• backs of knees
• elbows

If eczema becomes infected, contact a doctor for appropriate treatment.

Treatment

Schedule a consultation with your GP to discuss suitable treatment for eczema.

Some common treatments for eczema include:

• Moisturizing creams and ointments
• Topical corticosteroids
• Antihistamines
• Oral corticosteroids for severe cases

It is important to develop a skincare routine and avoid triggers that may worsen eczema symptoms. Your doctor can help you create a personalized treatment plan to manage your eczema effectively.

Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme is a mild rash often caused by a virus or medication reaction.

If your child’s rash persists or they feel unwell, consult your GP for guidance.

Treatment

If your child is unwell and has a rash, seek medical advice promptly.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common infection that primarily affects children under 10 years old but can also occur in older children and adults.

Symptoms

This disease has no cure, but the immune system typically clears the virus within 7 to 10 days.

Ensure the infected child stays home from school until they recover, and encourage plenty of fluids and soft foods for comfort.

Impetigo

Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that causes sores and blisters.

There are two types: Non-bullous impetigo affects the skin around the nose and mouth, while bullous impetigo affects the trunk.

Treatment

If your child has impetigo, consult a GP or pharmacist for antibiotic treatment to shorten the illness duration.

Impetigo usually improves within a week of starting treatment.

Rashes without fever in children can result from skin irritation, hives, or diaper rash, leading to symptoms like appetite loss, crying, and weight loss. Prompt action is important.

1. What could cause a rash without a fever in children?

Rashes without fever indicate skin irritation from various sources, causing discomfort in children. Common causes of rashes without fever in children include:

• Allergic reactions to certain foods, medications, or skin care products
• Insect bites or stings
• Contact dermatitis from irritants like soaps or chemicals
• Eczema or other skin conditions
• Heat rash from sweating

If your child develops a rash without fever, it is important to identify the cause and provide appropriate treatment to alleviate discomfort and prevent further irritation.

2.6. Psoriasis in Children

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that can affect children, causing red, scaly patches on the skin. It is thought to be caused by an overactive immune system.

• Symptoms may include thickened, pitted or ridged nails;
• Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales;
• Itching or burning skin;
• Swollen and stiff joints.

Treatment for psoriasis in children may include topical treatments, phototherapy, or oral medications. It is important to work with a dermatologist to manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups.

What causes hives in a child?

Possible triggers for hives in children include food, medications, and other factors.

• Foods like peanuts, milk, and shellfish;
• Antibiotics such as penicillin;
• Exercise-induced urticaria;
• Insect bites or stings;
• Pollen;
• Viral infections;
• Stress;
• Heat or cold;

Which children are at risk for hives?

Although hives can affect anyone, they are more common in children with allergies.

What are the symptoms of hives in a child?

Signs of hives in children include itchy, swollen, and red areas on the skin, appearing either in clusters or all over the body. Hives can also be accompanied by a burning or stinging sensation. In some cases, hives may change shape, disappear, and reappear in a different location on the body. It is important to seek medical advice if your child experiences hives, especially if they are severe or persistent.

How is hives diagnosed in a child?

Healthcare providers diagnose hives by reviewing medical history and conducting a physical examination.

How is hives treated in a child?

Treatment varies based on symptoms, age, and severity. Avoiding triggers is crucial, and antihistamines may be prescribed.

• Antihistamines like diphenhydramine;
• Epinephrine for severe cases.

If breathing difficulties arise, seek emergency medical care immediately.

When should I call my child’s healthcare provider?

If symptoms worsen or new ones develop, promptly consult a healthcare provider.

Follow up with your child’s healthcare provider as recommended. If your child has a severe reaction or has experienced multiple mild to moderate allergic reactions in the past, inquire about allergy testing. This can identify the allergens affecting your child.

Anaphylaxis

If your child has had a severe reaction with dizziness, fainting, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or respiratory issues, discuss the option of carrying an epinephrine kit with your child’s healthcare provider.

Key points about hives in children

• Hives manifest as red, itchy, and swollen areas on the skin.
• Triggers for hives include food, medications, and other factors.
• Treatment includes antihistamines and epinephrine for symptoms of anaphylaxis.
• Avoiding known hives triggers is essential.

Next steps

Tips to optimize your child’s healthcare provider visit:

• Understand the reason for the visit and your expectations.
• Prior to the visit, jot down any questions you have.
• During the visit, note the new diagnosis, treatments, medications, and advice provided by the provider.
• Understand the purpose of prescribed treatments and their potential side effects.
• Discuss alternative treatment options with the provider.
• Learn about recommended tests or procedures and their implications.
• Understand the consequences of not following through with prescribed medical instructions.
• Mark your calendar for any follow-up appointments and their purpose.
• Familiarize yourself with how to reach the healthcare provider after hours in case of urgent concerns.