It is common for more than one-third of children to experience persistent stomach pain. While some belly discomfort is normal, chronic stomach pain should not be ignored and should be addressed by a medical professional.

Ongoing stomach pain is typically classified as functional abdominal pain and is usually not a sign of a serious medical issue. Consulting with a pediatrician or gastroenterologist can help determine the cause of the pain and provide relief for your child.

Some common causes of abdominal pain in children can include constipation, food allergies, gas, or stress. It is important to keep track of your child’s symptoms, including when the pain occurs, how long it lasts, and any other accompanying symptoms.

If your child’s abdominal pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or weight loss, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Ignoring these symptoms could delay proper treatment and worsen your child’s condition.

In some cases, lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, or medications may be recommended to manage your child’s abdominal pain. It is crucial to work closely with your child’s healthcare provider to develop a treatment plan that addresses the underlying cause of the pain and helps improve your child’s quality of life.

David A. Ziring, MD

“Abdominal pain is a prevalent issue that can be managed and often improves with time.”

David A. Ziring, MD

If your child experiences persistent stomach pain for more than two weeks, it is advisable to seek medical advice. Immediate attention is required if the pain is accompanied by symptoms such as unusual weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in stool, or joint pain. Dr. Ziring recommends further evaluation in cases with these red flag symptoms.

Pain around the belly button is usually less worrisome, while pain located away from the belly button may indicate a more serious condition that requires a thorough examination.

Most children will encounter abdominal pain at some point, which could signal various conditions or be harmless. Knowing when to seek medical attention for your child is crucial.

Considerations

Pay attention to and identify the type of stomach pain your child is feeling:

• Generalized pain: often related to stomach issues like viruses, bloating, or constipation.
• Cramp-like pain: typically caused by gas and followed by diarrhea.
• Colicky pain: comes and goes in waves, with sudden onset and relief, and can be intense.
• Localized pain: specific to an area and may indicate different underlying problems.

For babies and toddlers, watch for signs such as increased fussiness, pulling legs towards the belly, or changes in eating habits, which may indicate stomach pain.

Causes

Abdominal pain in children can stem from various causes, some harmless and others serious. If the pain persists, worsens, or new symptoms develop, seeking medical attention is advised.

Possible causes include swallowing air, migraines, gas, food allergies, mononucleosis, or stress-related pain.

If the pain does not improve or worsens after 24 hours, it could signify a more severe condition.

Home Care

In most cases, simple home remedies can help manage abdominal pain in children. If the pain persists or worsens, consult a healthcare provider.

Encourage clear fluids, promote regular bowel movements, and avoid specific foods that may irritate the stomach.

• Avoid fatty or greasy foods.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
• Eat small, frequent meals.
• Engage in regular exercise.
• Avoid foods that produce gas.
• Follow a balanced diet rich in fiber.
• Consider giving over-the-counter pain relievers if recommended by a healthcare provider.
• Apply a warm compress to the abdomen to help relieve discomfort.

Contact a healthcare provider if the pain continues or intensifies.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

If stomach pain persists or is accompanied by concerning symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. Inform your doctor if your child continues to experience pain or shows additional worrying symptoms.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

When discussing the pain with your healthcare provider, provide details about the pain’s location, severity, timing, and any accompanying symptoms. Your provider may conduct tests to determine the cause of the pain.

Alternative Names

Sources for abdominal pain in children.

References

Sources for common digestive disorders and abdominal pain:

• Mayo Clinic – Acid Reflux
• WebMD – Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• CDC – Foodborne Illness Symptoms
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – Constipation

Abdominal pain in children is a common complaint that can have a wide range of causes. It is important for parents and caregivers to pay attention to the signs and symptoms of abdominal pain in children and seek medical advice if necessary.
Some common causes of abdominal pain in children include:
– Indigestion or gas
– Constipation
– Gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
– Urinary tract infections
– Appendicitis
– Food allergies or intolerances
In some cases, abdominal pain in children can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as appendicitis or a bowel obstruction. It is important to seek medical attention if the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or blood in the stool.
If your child is experiencing abdominal pain, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Healthdirect Australia offers a valuable service where you can consult with a nurse or doctor to receive guidance on what steps to take.
Remember, it is always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to the health and well-being of your child. Don’t hesitate to seek medical advice if you have any concerns about your child’s abdominal pain.

Key facts

• Majority of abdominal pain in children is not severe and tends to improve without specific treatment.
• Common causes of abdominal pain in children include constipation and gastroenteritis.
• Diagnosing the source of abdominal pain in babies and children can be challenging.
• Ensuring your child consumes plenty of fluids when unwell is important to prevent dehydration.
• It is important to seek medical attention if your child’s abdominal pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as vomiting, fever, or blood in the stool.
• In some cases, abdominal pain may be a sign of a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis or intestinal blockage, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
• It is essential to monitor your child’s symptoms closely and provide comfort and reassurance during episodes of abdominal pain.

Common causes of abdominal pain in children include:

• Gas and bloating
• Constipation
• Stomach flu or viral infection
• Food poisoning
• Urinary tract infection
• Appendicitis
• Indigestion
• Allergies or food intolerance
• Gastroenteritis

It’s important to pay attention to any additional symptoms your child may be experiencing, such as fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or changes in appetite. If you notice any concerning symptoms or if the pain persists, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment.

It is important to listen to your child and encourage them to describe their pain as best as they can. Some helpful questions to ask include:

• Where does it hurt?
• Can you show me with your hand where you feel the pain?
• Is the pain stabbing, cramping, or dull?
• Does anything make the pain better or worse?
• Have you experienced this pain before?

Encouraging your child to communicate their symptoms can help healthcare providers accurately diagnose and treat the cause of their abdominal pain.

Urinary tract infections in children

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and can cause abdominal pain. UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply, leading to infection. Symptoms of UTIs in children may include:

• Pain or burning during urination
• Frequent urination
• Foul-smelling or cloudy urine
• Fever
• Irritability

Untreated UTIs can lead to more severe complications, so it’s essential to seek medical attention if you suspect your child has a UTI.

Stomach ulcers

While less common in children, stomach ulcers can also cause abdominal pain. Stomach ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine due to factors such as bacterial infection, prolonged use of NSAIDs, or excess stomach acid production. Symptoms of stomach ulcers in children may include:

• Burning stomach pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Bloody or black stools
• Unexplained weight loss

If you suspect your child has a stomach ulcer, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and treatment.

How is the cause of abdominal pain diagnosed in children?

Diagnosing the cause of abdominal pain in children can be challenging and may require time to determine the underlying issue.

Your doctor will inquire about your child’s pain, any accompanying symptoms, and overall health. A thorough examination will be conducted to assess your child’s condition.

In some cases, medical tests may be necessary.

While most children with abdominal pain may not require testing.

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When should my child see a doctor?

Abdominal pain is common in most children and is usually not a cause for concern.

If your child experiences:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Pain worsens with movement
• Persistent or worsening pain, especially at night
• Pale and sweaty appearance
• Extreme fatigue
• Pain or swelling in the groin or testicles (for male infants)
• Signs of dehydration or refusal to drink

Seek medical attention promptly if your child also has abdominal pain and:

• A fever
• Pain or discomfort passing urine
• Continuous vomiting or diarrhea
• An uncomfortable skin rash
• Recent tummy injury or fall

When to seek urgent care

Immediate medical attention is required if:

• Vomiting is green or bloody
• Stool is black or red, including bloody diarrhea

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How is abdominal pain treated in babies and children?

In most cases, self-care at home is sufficient, and no specific treatment is necessary.

Self-care at home

If caring for a child with abdominal pain:

• Ensure they get plenty of rest
• Encourage them to drink clear fluids
• Offer bland foods like crackers, bananas, or toast if hungry

Medicines

Your healthcare provider may recommend pain relief medications, such as paracetamol at the appropriate dosage. Consult a pharmacist for guidance.

Avoid using antibiotics for gastroenteritis as it is often caused by viruses.

Consider using oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration.

Other treatments

Additional treatments in a hospital setting may involve:

• Administering fluids through a nasogastric tube
• Intravenous fluid therapy
• Surgical intervention if necessary

Resources and support

For guidance on caring for your child, contact healthdirect at 1800 022 222 (NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria) to speak with a nurse 24/7.

Alternatively, reach out to Pregnancy, Birth, and Baby at 1800 882 436 to connect with a maternal child health nurse via video call. Service available from 7am to midnight, 7 days a week.