Understanding Body Temperature Norms

7 September, 2025 Doctor Pediatrician 1 category

Most COVID-19 cases involve a fever. Fevers associated with the virus are typically mild to moderate in intensity. While a fever is a natural response to infection, it can be uncomfortable. Here are some ways to manage your symptoms.

Unique_H2_1

A fever is a common indication of a coronavirus infection. It is the body’s way of responding to an infection. Normal body temperature can vary due to factors such as age, time of day, and activity level. A fever is generally considered present when the temperature reaches 38°C (100.4°F) or higher. Symptoms of a fever may include feeling hot, shivery, and sweaty, with chills often accompanying the fever or other COVID-19 symptoms.

Adults are more prone to developing a fever with COVID-19
Children may also experience a fever, usually with less intensity compared to adults
It is important to monitor body temperature regularly, stay hydrated, and seek medical advice if fever persists or worsens
Fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen can help manage symptoms, but consult with a healthcare provider before taking any medication

Unique_H2_2

The fever caused by a COVID-19 infection typically lasts around 3 to 4 days. If the fever persists or worsens, it is advisable to seek medical advice.

In addition to fever, other common symptoms of COVID-19 include cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, body aches, and loss of taste or smell. It is important to monitor your symptoms and seek medical attention if they become severe.

Unique_H2_3

It is important to monitor fevers that may be caused by various conditions. Fevers due to COVID-19 typically resolve within 3 to 4 days. It is recommended to seek medical attention if the fever persists for more than a week or if other concerning symptoms develop. Additionally, staying hydrated, getting plenty of rest, and taking over-the-counter fever-reducing medications can help manage fevers at home. If you have a high fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or any other severe symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Unique_H2_4

In most instances, a fever induced by COVID-19 resolves on its own within a few days. To alleviate symptoms, it is recommended to stay hydrated, wear light clothing, avoid vigorous activities, and take fever-reducing medications.

If the fever persists
If you experience emergency signs of COVID-19
If you have severe thirst or reduced urine output

Unique_H2_5

Low to moderate fevers associated with COVID-19 typically subside without specific treatment. It is crucial to monitor your fever, stay hydrated, and refrain from excessive physical exertion. Consult your doctor if emergency signs appear or if the fever continues.

In addition to staying hydrated, getting plenty of rest, and avoiding physical exertion, you can also try taking over-the-counter fever reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help bring down your fever. Make sure to follow the recommended dosage instructions on the packaging.

Unique_H2_6

Q: Is fever always present in COVID-19 cases?
A: Fever is common but not always a conclusive symptom of COVID-19. Children with the virus may have a fever without other symptoms.

Q: Can COVID-19 lead to a fever?
A: COVID-19 can result in a fever, but other conditions can also cause fevers. A COVID-19 test is recommended if symptoms persist.

Q: Does COVID-19 cause low-grade fevers?
A: COVID-19 is more likely to cause low to moderate fevers rather than high-grade fevers.

Q: When should adults be concerned about fever with COVID-19?
A: Seek medical attention if the fever persists or worsens.

Q: What temperature constitutes a fever in COVID-19?
A: A temperature exceeding 38°C (100.4°F) is considered a fever.

References:

Healthdirect (2020). Fever. Accessed September 12, 2022.

NHS (2022). Fever in adults. Accessed September 12, 2022.

British medical journal. Best practice (2022). Accessed October 12, 2022.

MSD Manuals (2022). Fever in adults. Accessed October 12, 2022.

Merck manuals (2002). Fever in infants and children. Accessed October 12, 2022.

The normal body temperature can vary based on age, activity level, and time of day. While the average normal body temperature is considered 98.6°F (37°C), individual variations exist within the range of 97°F (36.1°C) to 99°F (37.2°C).

A temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) often indicates a fever caused by infection or illness.

Body temperature fluctuates during the day, with adults having the lowest temperature in the early morning.

Unique_H2_7

Normal body temperature; Temperature – normal

Normal body temperature typically ranges between 36.5 and 37.5 degrees Celsius (97.7 to 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit). It can vary slightly depending on factors such as age, time of day, and activity level. Maintaining a normal body temperature is important for overall health and proper bodily functions.

Unique_H2_8

In the section above, important information is provided. To add more value, it is essential to include relevant details while maintaining the HTML structure if it was present in the original text.

Unique_H2_9

Blum FC, Biros MH. Fever in the adult patient. In: Walls RM, Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 8.

Hall JE, Hall ME. Body temperature regulation and fever. In: Hall JE, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 74.

Sajadi MM, Romanovsky AA. Temperature regulation and the pathogenesis of fever. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 55.

Fever is a common symptom that occurs in response to infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions. It is a protective mechanism of the body to help fight off infections and promote healing. Fever is typically defined as a body temperature above 100.4°F (38°C).

Monitoring body temperature is important in assessing the severity of illness and response to treatment. Fever management usually includes medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help reduce fever and alleviate symptoms.

In some cases, fever may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires medical attention. It is important to seek medical care if fever is persistent, accompanied by severe symptoms, or persists for more than a few days.

Unique_H2_10

Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Unique_H2_11

Health Content Provider
06/01/2028

A.D.A.M. maintains high standards as a Health Content Provider accredited by URAC (www.urac.org). The accreditation certifies A.D.A.M.’s adherence to quality and accountability. Learn more about A.D.A.M.’s editorial process and privacy policy.

Unique_H2_12

A fever occurs when body temperature rises above normal. The normal range is between 36-37°C, with a fever commonly defined as a temperature exceeding 38°C. Various methods of measurement can affect temperature readings.

Associated symptoms include feeling hot or cold, shivering, sweating, fatigue, and general discomfort. A fever may lead to flushing and clamminess in the skin.

Unique_H2_13

Fever occurs when the brain’s ‘thermostat’ resets to a higher temperature in response to infection-triggered immune activity. Fever is a defense mechanism against infections but can also result from immunization, sunburn, autoimmune diseases, and other factors.

Teething typically does not cause fevers exceeding 38°C in infants and children.

Unique_H2_14

When using a glass thermometer or digital thermometer:

Shake down the glass thermometer, so it measures below the 35°C line, or press reset on a digital thermometer.
Place the silver tip or thin end of the thermometer high in the armpit, ensuring it stays in the correct position.
In older children or adults, the thermometer may be placed under the tongue, but be careful to avoid biting or breaking the bulb.
Leave in place for at least 2 minutes for a glass thermometer or until it beeps for a digital thermometer.
Read the thermometer by gently rotating it between your thumb and forefinger. The temperature is measured by looking at the level of the bar in the middle. If you can’t read this type of thermometer, use one with a digital read-out on the side.
Wipe the thermometer with antiseptic or lukewarm soapy water. Avoid hot water, which can break a glass thermometer.

Battery operated tympanic (ear) thermometers are available. These are placed gently in the ear canal to read the temperature from the ear drum. Tympanic thermometers are quick but not always accurate and should not be used in babies under 6 months.

Infrared forehead thermometers use an infrared scanner to measure temperature. Hold the thermometer 1-3 cm from the forehead skin to take the measurement.

Fever strip thermometers change color on the child’s forehead to indicate temperature, but they are less reliable and accurate.

Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using a thermometer for the most accurate reading.

If a fever is accompanied by severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or persistent vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. It is important to note that a fever is a natural response of the body to fight off infections, and not all fevers require medical intervention. However, it is always best to err on the side of caution and consult a healthcare professional if you are unsure about the severity of the situation. Remember to stay hydrated, get plenty of rest, and follow any advice given by your doctor to help manage the fever and its underlying cause.

It is important to monitor the fever and seek medical attention if it persists or if other concerning symptoms develop. Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and discomfort, but it is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult a healthcare provider if the fever does not improve.

In some cases, a high fever may indicate a more serious underlying condition and require medical evaluation and treatment. It is important to seek medical attention if the fever is accompanied by severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or seizures.

Remember to wash your hands frequently, cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoid close contact with others if you have a fever to prevent the spread of illness.

Unique_H2_17

If uncomfortable with a fever, vomiting, dehydrated, or having difficulty sleeping, follow your doctor’s advice to reduce the fever and maintain comfort:

Keep clothes and blankets to a minimum
Avoid hot water bottles or electric blankets
Open a window for ventilation
Drink clear fluids regularly
Take a lukewarm flannel bath
Change bed linen and clothing frequently

Unique_H2_18

Medications can help relieve discomfort caused by fever. Take medicines like paracetamol or ibuprofen as advised. Adults may also use aspirin. Children can take children’s paracetamol or ibuprofen, with the correct dosage recommended by a healthcare professional. Do not administer aspirin to infants or children without consulting a doctor.

Get medical advice for free from nurses or doctors through healthdirect Australia.

Take a baby under 3 months old with a fever above 38°C to the nearest hospital emergency department immediately.

If fever persists for more than a few days, or if other concerning symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly. Stay hydrated, rest, and monitor your temperature regularly. If you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, or confusion, seek urgent medical help.

Key facts

Understand that fever is the body’s response to infection
Recognize the symptoms of fever like high temperature, sweating, and chills
Use a thermometer to monitor fever
Rest, keep cool, and stay hydrated when experiencing fever
Consult a doctor if severe symptoms accompany fever

What is a fever?

Fever occurs when the body temperature is elevated, with a normal range between 36°C to 37°C. A temperature reading of 38°C or higher indicates a fever.

Various types of thermometers can be used to measure temperature through different methods. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for accurate readings.

What symptoms are related to a fever?

If you have a temperature above 38°C and experience symptoms like sweating, chills, and body aches, you likely have a fever.

What causes a fever?

Viral infections are the common cause of fever, but bacterial infections can also lead to elevated body temperature. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.

How is the cause of a fever diagnosed?

A doctor will diagnose the underlying cause of your fever by asking questions, conducting an examination, and possibly running tests. Inform the doctor about recent travel history.

Additional ways to diagnose the cause of a fever may include:

Blood tests to check for infections or other underlying health conditions.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to look for any abnormalities in the body.
Cultures of bodily fluids, such as urine or sputum, to identify the specific culprit behind an infection.
A physical exam to look for any visible signs of illness or infection.
Reviewing your medical history to see if there are any known conditions that could be causing the fever.

When should I see my doctor?

Immediately take a baby under 3 months old with a fever above 38°C to the nearest hospital emergency department. Seek medical help if a fever lasts more than 3 days without improvement.

If you have a fever, seek immediate medical attention if:

You recently had surgery, left the hospital, or had a medical procedure
You returned from an overseas trip recently
You’re undergoing cancer treatment or taking immune-suppressing medications
You have other worrying symptoms

When to seek urgent care

If you’re an adult experiencing fever along with symptoms like:

Severe headache
Sensitivity to light
Unusual skin rash
Stiff neck
Vomiting
Confusion
Drowsiness
Difficulty breathing
Abdominal pain
Hallucinations
Seizures

Head to the emergency department. For children with fever, seek immediate medical care if:

They’re under 3 months old
They show signs of dehydration or refuse to drink
They’re vomiting
They’re drowsy or unresponsive
They experience breathing difficulties
They appear highly distressed

Find a health service using the Service Finder to locate doctors, pharmacies, and hospitals.

How is fever treated?

Self-care at home

To manage fever, ensure hydration, wear light clothing, and avoid strenuous activities. Rest and avoid cold baths. Only take fever medication if necessary. Before taking any medication, check for safety in relation to existing medical conditions, other medications, and pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Can fevers be prevented?

Fever is a natural response by the body’s immune system and cannot always be prevented. Seek medical attention if the fever persists or if additional symptoms develop. Febrile convulsions in children can occur due to rapid temperature changes.

Complications of fever

If you’re concerned, seek advice from a registered nurse at the healthdirect helpline by calling 1800 022 222 (NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria) for 24/7 assistance.

Sources:

For more information, visit Queensland Health, SA Health, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, and RACGP websites.

Last reviewed: March 2024

Search our site for

Learn about different types of thermometers
Find out more about fever medicines
Discover the best practices for taking temperature readings
Read reviews on popular thermometer brands

Need more information?

Find additional information on this topic from trusted partners.

Fever and high temperature: kids and teens | Raising Children Network

A child’s temperature above 38°C indicates a fever. Take appropriate steps when dealing with a child’s fever. Detailed guidance is available on raisingchildren.net.au.

Fever in Children – Rahma Health

A fever is defined as a temperature exceeding 38 degrees Celsius. Visit Rahma Health website for more details.

Fever – Better Health Channel

A mild fever up to 39°C can boost the immune system in fighting infections. Explore further on Better Health Channel website.

Learn about typhoid fever, an infection caused by Salmonella typhi, and its prevention on MyDoctor website.

Find out when to seek medical attention for fever on MyDoctor website.

Fever in babies

Learn how to measure a baby’s temperature and manage fevers with Pregnancy, Birth & Baby guidelines.

Fever in babies and children – infographic

Understand how to handle your child’s fever at home and when to consult a doctor using Pregnancy, Birth & Baby resources.

Fever | Children’s Health Queensland

Discover the causes, treatment options, and when to seek help for fever from Queensland Health.

Fever factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

Fever is a protective mechanism of the body against illness and infection. Gain further insights from Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network.

Febrile convulsion factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

High fever can lead to febrile convulsions in children. Educate yourself on Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network website.

Hypothermia: Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest | Ausmed

Learn about hypothermia when body temperature drops below 35°C. Ausmed Education provides comprehensive information on this topic.

Disclaimer

Healthdirect Australia does not have control over content on external sites. Proceed with caution.

Please consult a healthcare professional before making any medical decisions. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for any consequences resulting from the use of information on external sites linked to from this page.

View an infographic on fever in babies and children
Explore information on fever in children

Search our site for

Learn about different types of thermometers
Find out more about fever medicines

Symptom checker

Feeling feverish?

Answer a few questions about your symptoms and receive advice.

Receive reliable 24-hour health advice

We offer approved health information and advice as a government-funded service

About

Discover our services and how we can support you
Register your service with us

Discover

Resources in your language

healthdirect upholds stringent clinical governance standards for information and advice.

This site is safeguarded by reCAPTCHA and Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Healthdirect Australia recognizes the Traditional Owners and honors their connection to the land.

It is important to note that healthdirect provides a range of resources and information in various languages to ensure accessibility for all individuals. By prioritizing cultural sensitivity and inclusivity, healthdirect aims to serve diverse communities and promote health equity.

Support for this browser is being discontinued

This site no longer supports Internet Explorer 11 and older versions. For the best experience, use Edge, Chrome, Firefox, or Safari.

You can still browse with your current browser, but some features may not work as intended.

Category: About child care