Scarlet fever is a common occurrence in children who have recently experienced a throat or skin infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. This results in a highly pronounced red rash.
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In addition to the common symptoms of fever and a red rash, scarlet fever can also cause other symptoms such as sore throat, swollen glands, and a white coating on the tongue.
Scarlet fever is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets, so it is important to practice good hygiene such as washing hands frequently and covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.
Complications of scarlet fever can include ear infections, pneumonia, and rheumatic fever if left untreated.
It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional to effectively treat scarlet fever and prevent complications.
What is scarlet fever?
In children who have had recent throat or skin infections by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, scarlet fever often manifests, causing a distinct red rash, hence the name ‘scarlet’ fever.
The symptoms of scarlet fever include a red rash that feels like sandpaper, high fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and sometimes a white coating on the tongue. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect your child has scarlet fever, as it can be easily treated with antibiotics.
Scarlet fever is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. It is most common in children between the ages of 5 and 15, but adults can also contract the infection.
Preventative measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
Causes of scarlet fever
The bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for causing scarlet fever, with the rash being a result of toxins released by these bacteria.
In addition to the rash, scarlet fever is also characterized by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and swollen glands. The bacteria are highly contagious and can be spread through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes.
It is important to seek medical treatment if you suspect you or your child may have scarlet fever, as antibiotics are typically needed to treat the infection and prevent complications.
Symptoms of scarlet fever
Mainly characterized by a bumpy red rash resembling sandpaper and typically starting on the chest before spreading to the body, scarlet fever’s key symptom is identifiable by its itchy, sunburn-like appearance.
The rash might be more pronounced around the mouth, followed by peeling of the skin on fingers and toes after the infection.
Other symptoms
Other symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen neck glands, vomiting, and a ‘strawberry tongue’.
Who gets scarlet fever
Children between 4 to 10 years old are most susceptible to scarlet fever, which spreads through sneezing, coughing, or contact with individuals having a skin infection.
Scarlet fever is more common in the winter and spring months. It can affect people of any age, but children are most at risk. People who have not been vaccinated against streptococcus bacteria are also more likely to get scarlet fever.
Diagnosing scarlet fever
If scarlet fever is suspected in your child, consult a healthcare professional who might conduct a throat swab.
In addition to a throat swab, other tests that may be used to diagnose scarlet fever include a rapid strep test, blood tests, and a physical examination to check for symptoms such as a red rash and a strawberry-like tongue.
Managing scarlet fever
Antibiotics
To minimize the risk of complications, scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics. Children usually show signs of recovery within a day or two of starting the medication.
Medicine to relieve itch
To reduce itching, creams can be applied, and antihistamines might help alleviate discomfort.
Soothing baths
Giving your child lukewarm baths can help reduce itching and discomfort from the rash associated with scarlet fever. Adding oatmeal or baking soda to the bathwater can also provide relief.
Isolation and hygiene
Keep your child isolated from others to prevent the spread of infection. Make sure they wash their hands frequently and avoid sharing personal items like towels, utensils, and cups.
Watch for complications
Monitor your child for any signs of complications such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or a high fever. If you notice any concerning symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
Follow-up with healthcare provider
It’s important to follow up with your child’s healthcare provider to ensure they are recovering properly and to address any lingering symptoms or concerns.
- One possible complication of scarlet fever is rheumatic fever, which can cause inflammation in the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
- Scarlet fever can also lead to kidney damage, known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which can result in blood in the urine and swelling in the face and hands.
- In rare cases, scarlet fever can progress to a more severe infection called invasive group A streptococcal disease, which can lead to conditions such as cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
- If scarlet fever is left untreated, it can also result in long-term complications such as ear infections, pneumonia, or sinusitis.
Preventing the spread of scarlet fever
Personal hygiene practices and keeping infected children at home until they recover are pivotal in curtailing the spread of scarlet fever.
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Key facts
- Key symptoms of scarlet fever include a highly red sore throat, swollen glands, fever, and a red rash.
- Effective treatment involves the use of antibiotics.
What is scarlet fever?
Affecting young children and caused by group A streptococci bacteria, scarlet fever, also known as ‘scarlatina,’ necessitates antibiotic treatment to prevent complications. The hallmark symptom of scarlet fever is a bright red rash that feels like sandpaper to the touch and typically starts on the chest and stomach before spreading to other parts of the body. Other symptoms may include a high fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and a strawberry tongue. If left untreated, scarlet fever can lead to serious complications such as rheumatic fever, kidney disease, or ear infections. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if scarlet fever is suspected.
What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?
Symptoms typically emerge 1-3 days after infection, accompanied by a red rash lasting for 2-5 days. Additionally, scarlet fever may induce nausea, sore throat, and swollen neck glands.
What causes scarlet fever?
Transmission of scarlet fever occurs through coughing, sneezing, and contact with contaminated surfaces, with children at risk of contracting the infection by touching the sores of an infected person.
When should I see my doctor?
If your child exhibits symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, or difficulty breathing, it is important to promptly seek medical attention. It is also recommended to contact your doctor if your child has been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for an infectious disease.
Remember to cover the nose and mouth while coughing or sneezing to prevent further spread of illness to others. It is important to practice good respiratory hygiene to protect yourself and those around you.
How is scarlet fever diagnosed?
A throat swab is typically taken by a healthcare provider to diagnose scarlet fever.
In addition to a throat swab, a healthcare provider may also conduct a physical examination to look for the characteristic rash associated with scarlet fever. Blood tests or rapid strep tests may also be used to confirm the presence of the streptococcal bacteria that causes scarlet fever.
How is scarlet fever treated?
Timely administration of antibiotics is crucial in treating scarlet fever and averting potential complications. It is essential to ensure that your child rests and remains well-hydrated.
How can scarlet fever be prevented?
To curtail transmission, maintain regular hand-washing practices and refrain from sharing utensils. Infected children must remain at home until fully recovered.
In addition to these precautions, ensuring that vaccinations are up to date is another important aspect of preventing scarlet fever. Vaccines can help protect against certain strains of the bacteria that cause scarlet fever.
Complications of scarlet fever
Infections can lead to abscesses, rheumatic fever, and kidney problems. Early antibiotic intervention can help prevent these complications.
Resources and support
For additional information, visit recommended websites:
- Provides advice on treatment options and where to seek help.
- Offers fact sheets available in various languages.
- SA Health provides tips on minimizing spread through hand hygiene and proper practices.
For further inquiries, contact healthdirect at 1800 022 222 anytime to speak with a registered nurse or use Pregnancy, Birth and Baby’s video call service to interact with a maternal child health nurse face-to-face.
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Last reviewed: July 2023
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Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever, originating from group A streptococci bacteria, is an infection primarily affecting the throat.
For more details, visit the WA Health website.
Scarlet fever, a bacterial infection characterized by a bright-red rash with sandpaper-like texture starting from a sore throat, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria.
For further insights, visit the MyDoctor website.
Scarlet fever in children and teenagers | Raising Children Network
Recognizable symptoms of scarlet fever comprise a rash, sore throat, swollen glands, and fever. Consult a GP if you suspect your child has scarlet fever.
Learn more on the raisingchildren.net.au website.
Streptococcal infection – group A – Better Health Channel
Group A streptococci infection can lead to conditions like sore throats, scarlet fever, or impetigo. Seek more information on the Better Health Channel website.
Serious childhood rashes
Childhood rashes are commonplace and usually not a cause for concern. Dive deeper into different rash types and know when to involve medical assistance through the Pregnancy, Birth & Baby website.
Tonsillitis: children and teenagers | Raising Children Network
Tonsillitis, characterized by inflamed tonsils and a sore throat, necessitates a GP visit if suspected in your child. Visit raisingchildren.net.au for detailed information.
Bacterial infections | NT.GOV.AU
Gather insights on various bacterial infections, including prevention, symptoms, and treatment approaches on the NT Health website.
Streptococcal sore throat | SA Health
Streptococcal sore throat, a bacterial infection affecting the throat and tonsils due to Streptococcus pyogenes, can be explored further on the SA Health website.
Impetigo or school sores: kids & teens | Raising Children Network
Impetigo or school sores result from skin sores being infected by bacteria and are highly contagious. Typically, antibiotic treatment is required for affected children. Learn more on raisingchildren.net.au.
Recognizing a sore throat and its associated pain or irritation can help in identifying potential concerns. For further insights, visit the MyDoctor website.
Strep Throat Symptoms and Related Conditions | Ausmed
Strep throat, a bacterial infection impacting the throat and tonsils, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. This bacteria can also cause conditions like scarlet fever and impetigo. Uncover more information on Ausmed Education website.
Glomerulonephritis | Ausmed Article
Glomerulonephritis can lead to acute or chronic kidney damage, potentially culminating in kidney failure. Delve into presentations, diagnoses, and management methods through the Ausmed Education website.
Common Rashes: An Overview | Ausmed
Identifying different rashes and distinguishing common ones from potentially dangerous ones is crucial for healthcare professionals. Learn more about common rashes and when to be concerned on the Ausmed Education website.
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Scarlet fever, predominantly affecting children, triggers a distinct pink-red rash.
This ailment stems from Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, also termed Group A Streptococcus, prevalent on the skin and in the throat.
Scarlet fever symptoms
Scarlet fever often follows a sore throat or skin infection, like impetigo, caused by specific strains of Streptococcus bacteria.
Symptoms of scarlet fever typically appear within 2 to 5 days of infection, with an incubation period ranging from 1 to 7 days. If you or your child exhibit symptoms of scarlet fever, do not improve after a week, have scarlet fever along with chickenpox, experience illness weeks after recovery, or have been in contact with someone with scarlet fever, seek medical attention. The distinct pink-red rash of scarlet fever usually emerges 12 to 48 hours after initial symptoms, starting as red blotches and developing into a pink-red rash resembling sandpaper texture. It may itch and typically spreads from the chest and stomach to other body parts, excluding the face. The rash fades in about a week, with peeling skin on the hands and feet in some cases. In milder instances, the rash may be the only symptom.
Other symptoms of scarlet fever may include various manifestations. It is important to consult a GP for a proper diagnosis and suitable treatment. Scarlet fever is highly contagious and can be transmitted through airborne droplets, skin contact, or shared items. While most cases occur in children under 10, individuals of any age can be affected. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to reduce infectivity, accelerate recovery, and prevent complications. Considerations should be taken for individuals allergic to penicillin. Seek medical advice if severe symptoms persist after scarlet fever treatment.
To alleviate symptoms, hydrate, consume soft foods, take fever-reducing medication, and use lotions or antihistamines for itching. Complications of scarlet fever are rare but can include various infections and inflammations. Monitor for severe symptoms post-recovery and seek medical assistance promptly if needed. Currently, there is no vaccine for scarlet fever, so it is crucial to observe proper hygiene practices and notify health authorities of any cases for appropriate management.