While some may perceive a sting from these insects as a minor irritation that goes unnoticed, for a small group of children who have allergies, a bee or wasp sting can pose a serious risk to their health.
Symptoms of Bee/Wasp Sting Allergy
It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee or wasp sting in children. These may include:
- Hives or rash
- Swelling of the face, mouth, or throat
- Difficulty breathing
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
First Aid Steps
If a child is stung by a bee or wasp and shows signs of an allergic reaction, it is important to take the following steps:
- Remove the stinger by scraping it off with a fingernail or a credit card. Do not squeeze the stinger, as this can release more venom.
- Wash the area with soap and water to prevent infection.
- Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain.
- Keep the child calm and monitor their symptoms closely.
- If the child shows signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, call 911 immediately.
It is also important for children who have known allergies to bee or wasp stings to carry an epinephrine auto-injector with them at all times. Parents and caregivers should be trained in how to use the auto-injector in case of an emergency.
By being prepared and knowing how to respond to a bee or wasp sting in children, parents and caregivers can help keep their little ones safe and healthy.
Facts About Stingers/Removal
Bees have a stinger mechanism that embeds in the skin and detaches from the insect’s body after a sting. This stinger contains venom that is quickly released upon contact. Promptly removing the stinger can help reduce the amount of venom injected into the skin.
In most situations, bee venom is harmless. However, children allergic to bees may experience more severe reactions. (Refer to “Systemic Allergic Reactions/Anaphylaxis” below.)
It is important to remove stingers from the skin to prevent foreign body reactions and infections.
If the stinger is visible, gently flick it off. If the stinger is deeper in the skin, use tweezers or another grasping tool. Avoid using your fingers to prevent another sting from the stinger.
Local Reactions
Typically, most individuals experience minor reactions at the site of the sting. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain that usually resolve within a few hours. Approximately 10% of people may have a more intense reaction characterized by increased redness, itching, pain, and swelling. The affected area may expand but will last for 5-10 days.
These localized reactions can be managed at home with a cold compress. When applying a cold compress to a sting on the arm or leg, elevate the limb above heart level to reduce inflammation and speed up the healing process.
Pain can be relieved with Motrin or Tylenol. If itching persists, consider using antihistamines such as Zyrtec or Claritin.
If symptoms do not improve, it is advisable to contact a healthcare provider.
Prevention
Bee stings are a frequent occurrence. To prevent stings, avoid areas where bees congregate and take precautions such as wearing closed-toe shoes in grassy areas and opting for long clothing in wooded regions.
- Avoid locations where bees are likely to gather, such as around garbage or food left outdoors.
- Encourage children to wear shoes when in grassy areas.
- Instruct children not to swat at bees.
- If allergic to bee stings, ensure you have an epinephrine pen readily available.
- Be cautious when consuming sweet foods and drinks outdoors, as they can attract bees.
- Regularly inspect your home for any openings where bees could build nests, such as chimneys or cracks in walls.
Systemic Allergic Reactions/Anaphylaxis
“Systemic allergic reaction” and “anaphylaxis” are terms used to describe severe allergic responses. Even a single sting can trigger this critical reaction. Approximately 5% of the population is allergic to stinger venom, with 0.3-3% experiencing anaphylaxis. Symptoms may manifest immediately or up to 2 hours afterward.
Symptoms of anaphylaxis can include swelling of the face or throat, rash, fainting, nausea, or vomiting. If your child displays these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Dr. Amy Maddalena is the Medical Director of the Breastfeeding Center of Pittsburgh.
Justin Allen was a PA Student at Kids Plus.
Bee stings can result in redness, pain, swelling, and itching. Most children do not require medical intervention for bee stings and can be managed at home.
Also in First Aid
For medical advice, contact Healthline at 0800 611 116. In emergency situations, dial 111.
Key points about first aid for bee stings
- Bee stings can cause redness, pain, itching, and swelling.
- Some children may be allergic to bee stings.
- The majority of children who are stung will not need medical treatment.
- Mild symptoms can be managed at home, such as applying a cold compress or taking an antihistamine.
- If a child experiences difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a rapid heartbeat after a bee sting, seek immediate medical attention as these symptoms could indicate a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.
- It is important to remove the stinger promptly by scraping it off the skin with a fingernail or a credit card to prevent more venom from being released into the skin.
- After removing the stinger, wash the area with soap and water, apply a cold pack to reduce swelling, and consider using over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate pain.
Symptoms of a bee or wasp sting
Reactions to bee stings can range from mild to severe. Certain children may experience allergic reactions, exhibiting symptoms such as inflammation, pain, and swelling.
How to manage a bee or wasp sting
If your child is stung and is well, carefully extract the stinger, apply a cold pack, and administer pain relief such as Paracetamol. Avoid squeezing the sting to prevent exacerbating the reaction.
Managing mild pain caused by bee stings
Paracetamol: Use according to the instructions on the bottle for pain relief. Do not exceed the recommended dosage.
Other medication: Follow dosage instructions accurately for ibuprofen. Never give aspirin.
Managing itch caused by bee stings
If the sting area is itchy, consider a cool bath, distractions, or calamine lotion. Consult a healthcare provider for advice if itching persists.
Additional tips:
- Apply aloe vera or hydrocortisone cream to help reduce itching and inflammation.
- Avoid scratching the sting area to prevent infection. Keep the area clean and dry.
- Monitor for signs of allergic reaction such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and seek immediate medical attention if any severe symptoms occur.
When to get medical help for a bee or wasp sting
If your child experiences persistent pain, blisters, hives, signs of infection, or other worrying symptoms after a bee sting, seek medical attention.
In addition, if your child experiences difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, mouth, or throat, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, or any other severe symptoms after a bee sting, do not hesitate to call emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
It is important to monitor your child closely after a bee or wasp sting, as some individuals may have severe allergic reactions that require prompt medical treatment. If your child has a known allergy to bee or wasp stings and carries an epinephrine auto-injector, be sure to administer it immediately and seek medical help right away.
Symptoms of a severe reaction
Severe allergic reactions to bee stings can be life-threatening. If your child experiences breathing difficulties, collapse, stomach pain, or vomiting, contact emergency services immediately.
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Carl Hayden Bee Research Center: Tucson, AZ
Bee Safety
Bee Stings
- Reactions to honey bee venom may involve swelling, redness, warmth, or itching
- Severe swelling can persist for several days
- Pain can be alleviated with a cold compress
- Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe
- Symptoms can onset immediately or up to 30 minutes later
- Hives, nausea, low blood pressure, and swelling in other areas may occur
- Anaphylactic reactions may include mouth swelling, difficulty breathing, and shock
- Prompt medical attention is crucial
- Immediate treatment with epinephrine can reverse anaphylaxis
It is essential for those allergic to bee stings to carry epinephrine with them.
Monitor stings on animals and remove stingers carefully.
Seek veterinary care for multiple stings.
What to do in a serious stinging incident with an animal:
Move the animal away from the bees
Douse the animal with soapy water
Discourage bees with a heavy blanket
Remove stingers carefully to prevent more venom injection
Consult a veterinarian for multiple stings
Insect stings are common occurrences that can cause pain and anxiety in children.
What causes insect stings in a child?
Bees, wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets are capable of stinging.
What are the symptoms of insect stings in a child?
Symptoms of insect stings can vary depending on the type of insect and the individual’s sensitivity to the venom. Common symptoms may include:
- Redness and swelling at the site of the sting
- Pain or burning sensation
- Itching or hives
- Warmth at the site of the sting
- In severe cases, symptoms may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, and a rapid heartbeat
If your child experiences any severe symptoms after an insect sting, seek immediate medical attention. It is also important to monitor your child for signs of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or a rapid heartbeat, and have a plan in place in case of an emergency.
In addition to assessing for signs of an allergic reaction, healthcare providers may also inquire about the child’s symptoms and medical history. They may ask about the type of insect that caused the sting, the location of the sting, and how long ago the sting occurred. Physical examination may also be conducted to assess the severity of the reaction and any associated symptoms.
If there are concerns about a possible allergic reaction, healthcare providers may recommend further testing, such as blood tests or skin tests, to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, a referral to an allergist may be necessary for additional evaluation and management.
How are insect stings treated in a child?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. Local reactions can be managed with ice and antihistamines. Monitor for serious allergic reactions and seek immediate care. Emergency treatment may involve medications and respiratory assistance.
What are possible complications of insect stings in a child?
Allergic reactions and infections are significant complications of insect stings.
What can I do to prevent insect stings in my child?
To prevent stings, avoid scented products and brightly colored clothing. Professional removal of hives and nests is recommended. Carry bee sting kits if your child has known allergies.
Key points about insect stings in children
Honeybees and yellow jackets are common sources of stings. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and redness. Treatment involves removing the stinger, washing the area, and applying cold packs. Teach children to remain calm and move away from insects.
Inform your child’s school and babysitters about their allergies. Keep a bee sting kit handy.
Tips for maximizing your child’s healthcare provider visit:
- Clarify the purpose of the visit and your expectations.
- Prepare questions beforehand.
- Take note of any new diagnosis, medications, treatments, and instructions.
- Understand the rationale behind prescribed medications, potential side effects, and alternative treatments.
- Be aware of recommended tests or procedures and their importance.
- Record details of follow-up appointments.
- Have contact information for after-hours medical support.
Medical Reviewers:
- L Renee Watson MSN RN
- Liora C Adler MD
- Ronald Karlin MD