Additional symptoms of chickenpox may include a fever, headache, tiredness, and loss of appetite. The rash may be accompanied by itching, which can be quite uncomfortable for some individuals. It is important to note that chickenpox is most contagious in the early stages, before the rash appears.
To help alleviate symptoms, individuals with chickenpox are advised to avoid scratching the blisters to prevent infection and scarring. Over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines can help reduce itching, and calamine lotion can also provide relief. It is important to stay well-hydrated and get plenty of rest during the course of the illness.
In rare cases, complications from chickenpox can arise, such as pneumonia or encephalitis. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience difficulty breathing, severe headache, or any other concerning symptoms. Vaccination is the best way to prevent chickenpox and its complications.

Transmission of Chickenpox

The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is responsible for causing chickenpox, and it can be transmitted from infected individuals to those who have not been exposed to the virus before. The contagious period of the disease starts 1 to 2 days before the rash appears and continues until all the blisters have scabbed over.

Risks and Complications

Chickenpox can result in severe complications, particularly in pregnant women, infants, teenagers, adults, and people with compromised immune systems. Some of the potential complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and bacterial infections of the skin.

Prevention with Vaccination

The most effective method of preventing chickenpox is through vaccination. The chickenpox vaccine is safe and highly effective in preventing the disease. It is recommended for all children and adults who have not had the disease before.

Early symptoms of chickenpox may include fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, and headaches. In addition, the characteristic itchy rash of chickenpox usually appears a few days after the initial symptoms.

Rash Development

The chickenpox rash manifests as itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually crust over. The rash can spread throughout the body, including in oral and genital areas.

Vaccination and Symptoms

Even vaccinated individuals can contract chickenpox, but they usually experience milder symptoms and fewer blisters. Moreover, they tend to recover quicker compared to those who are unvaccinated.

It is important to note that getting vaccinated not only helps protect individuals from getting sick but also reduces the severity of the illness if they do get infected. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and can help in achieving herd immunity within a population.

If you are experiencing any symptoms of chickenpox, such as a red rash, fever, and general discomfort, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early detection and appropriate medical care can help in managing the symptoms and reducing the risk of complications.

Possible Complications

Complications of chickenpox can include bacterial infections, pneumonia, encephalitis, bleeding disorders, and dehydration. While severe cases may necessitate hospitalization, such instances are rare due to vaccination efforts.

High-Risk Individuals

Individuals who are at a higher risk for complications from chickenpox include pregnant women, newborns, individuals with weakened immune systems, and adults.

Chickenpox primarily presents as an itchy, spotted rash that covers the entire body. Additional symptoms may involve fever, body pains, and reduced appetite.

Rash Characteristics

• Rashes can be present anywhere on the body, inside the mouth, and around the genitals.
• They may vary in color and visibility based on skin tone.

Blisters Development

The rash progresses as the spots fill with fluid, forming blisters that can rupture and cause discomfort. It is important to avoid scratching the blisters to prevent infection.

Image Examples of Chickenpox Rash

• White skin with stage 2 chickenpox spots and blisters.
• Medium-brown skin with stage 2 chickenpox spots and blisters.
• Dark-brown skin with stage 2 chickenpox spots and blisters.

Some blisters have discharged, and some may have scabbed over, mostly appearing the same color or slightly darker than the individual’s skin, while some appear shiny and slightly white or grey.

Stage 3: the blisters become scabs

The spots develop scabs, some flaky, while others seep fluid.

• 1: White skin with stage 3 chickenpox rash (thumbnail).
• 2: Light-brown skin with stage 3 chickenpox rash (thumbnail).
• 3: Medium-brown skin with stage 3 chickenpox rash (thumbnail).

White skin with stage 3 chickenpox spots, blisters, and scabs.

There are approximately 14 spots, ranging in size from 1mm to 1cm, some clustered closely together.

Some spots are small pink blisters, others larger with scabs, and some appear soft with fluid underneath.

2 scabs have collapsed in the center, yellow and pink, surrounded by pink skin.

Light-brown skin with stage 3 chickenpox spots and scabs on the upper back, around 25 spots, spaced 1cm to 3cm apart, flat, less than 5mm, with dark red scabs.

CDC/ J.D. Millar, MD, MPH, DTPH source

Medium-brown skin with stage 3 chickenpox spots covering the lower back and hip, around 50 spots in total ranging from 1mm to 1cm, most with scabs in pink, purple, or grey shades, some without scabs resembling small blisters.

If uncertain about chickenpox

How you can treat chickenpox yourself

If you have chickenpox, stay at home until all spots have scabbed over, usually about 5 days after they appear. Treat chickenpox at home with fluids, paracetamol, trimming fingernails, cooling creams, antihistamines, cool baths, loose clothing, and avoid using ibuprofen and scratching.

Important

Avoid contact with newborns, pregnant women, or individuals with weakened immune systems as it can pose risks.

Make sure to wash your hands regularly to prevent spreading the virus to others. Use a mild soap and warm water, and avoid touching your face or scratching the blisters to reduce the risk of scarring.

Keep your environment clean by regularly disinfecting surfaces and washing any clothing or bedding that may have come into contact with the virus.

If you develop a fever higher than 102°F (38.9°C), experience difficulty breathing, have a severe headache, or notice a rash that is warm to the touch, seek medical attention immediately as these may be signs of complications.

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:

• If unsure whether it’s chickenpox.
• If concerned about yourself or your child.

If suspected of having chickenpox, inform the receptionist before visiting the GP.

Urgent advice: Get advice from NHS 111 now if:

• If symptoms suddenly worsen.
• If a child with chickenpox displays signs of dehydration.
• If the area around the blisters is hot, painful, and red.
• If breastfeeding while experiencing chickenpox symptoms.
• If pregnant and never exposed to chickenpox near infected individuals.
• If immunocompromised near someone with chickenpox.
• If suspecting a newborn baby has been exposed to chickenpox.

Some may require medication to prevent complications within 24 hours of the spots appearing. Call 111 for guidance, especially for children under 5.

How chickenpox is spread

Chickenpox is contagious 2 days before the appearance of spots until all have scabbed over, typically around 5 days post-spots. Spots start to develop within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure.

Chickenpox spreads through proximity to infected individuals, contact with contaminated surfaces, or exposure to shingles in the absence of previous chickenpox history.

The chickenpox vaccine

Receiving the chickenpox vaccine is crucial if there is a risk of transmission to immunocompromised individuals. The vaccine is available through the NHS or privately for £120 to £200.

Reviewed on 31 January 2025
Next review on 31 January 2028

Consulted by Head of Internal Medicine at Vinmec Ha Long International General Hospital.

Chickenpox is a common condition, primarily affecting children. Understanding chickenpox and taking preventive measures are vital. It usually takes about 1 to 2 weeks for someone with chickenpox to recover. During this time, it is important to stay hydrated, rest, and avoid scratching the blisters to prevent scarring. If you have any concerns about your recovery from chickenpox, consult with a healthcare professional for guidance.

1. How is chickenpox transmitted?

Derived from the Varicella Zoster virus, chickenpox is generally mild but can lead to complications like pneumonia or skin infections if not managed appropriately.

Following a bout of chickenpox, immunity develops, but there is a possibility of recurrence in weakened immune systems. Chickenpox progresses through 4 stages: Incubation, Prodromal, Full-blown, and Recovery.

2.How long does it take to recover from chickenpox?

The recovery period from chickenpox ranges from 7 to 21 days for symptoms to surface and an additional 7 to 10 days for complete healing. Proper care is essential to prevent scarring.

3. Can you take a bath when you have chickenpox?

Bathing with clean, warm water is crucial for a speedy recovery. It can help to soothe the itching and discomfort caused by chickenpox. However, it is important to avoid rubbing the blisters, as this can lead to scarring. It is also important to maintain trimmed nails to prevent scratching and wear loose attire to avoid irritation.

4. Do you need to avoid wind when you have chickenpox?

Exposure to a fan or wind does not impact chickenpox, but gentle fan usage is recommended to prevent overheating.

5. Some Notes When Having Chickenpox

Lifestyle choices influence the recovery from chickenpox. Avoid certain foods, crowded settings, and practice personal hygiene for a faster healing process.

• Avoid sharing personal items like clothes, towels, and facecloths with individuals experiencing chickenpox.
• Patients must wash and dry their clothing separately to prevent contamination.
• Clothes should be dried in sunlight, then carefully ironed post-wash.

Isolating patients from others can aid in chickenpox recovery. It is advisable for individuals who have not had chickenpox, especially children and pregnant women, to get vaccinated to safeguard both mother and fetus’ health. Vinmec International General Hospital provides vaccination services for chickenpox, measles, and mumps catering to various age groups and health conditions while maintaining high-quality and safe standards.

To schedule a consultation, call … or make a reservation directly HERE. Alternatively, use the MyVinmec app for swift appointment scheduling and reservation management.

The Importance of Timely Vaccination

Health professionals recommend parents adhere to vaccination schedules for children even during epidemics. Postponing vaccinations can elevate the risk of contracting severe illnesses such as flu, measles, chickenpox, sore throat, and pneumonia. Vaccination plays a critical role in boosting a child’s immune system in the first five years of life. Parents should follow guidelines from the WHO and Ministry of Health, correctly wear masks, frequently wash hands with disinfectant solutions, and stay informed about COVID-19 to protect their families.

In regions not affected by epidemics, mothers can still take their children for vaccinations based on age schedules. It is essential to avoid crowded places, schedule appointments in advance, and visit trusted medical facilities with appropriate infrastructure.