Abdominal pain in children under age 12 can be a common occurrence and can have a variety of causes. It is important to pay attention to the severity and duration of the pain, as well as any other symptoms that may be present.
If your child is experiencing severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fever, or any other concerning symptoms, it is important to seek medical help immediately. Healthdirect Australia offers a free service where you can speak to a qualified nurse or doctor for guidance on appropriate actions to take.
Some common causes of abdominal pain in children include gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation or food intolerance, as well as infections, such as gastroenteritis. In some cases, abdominal pain may also be a sign of a more serious condition, such as appendicitis or a urinary tract infection.
If your child is experiencing abdominal pain, it is important to stay calm and assess the situation. Keep track of any symptoms and seek medical advice if necessary. Remember, healthdirect Australia is here to provide you with reliable health advice that you can count on.

Key facts

• Majority of abdominal discomfort experienced by children is typically benign and resolves on its own without medical intervention.
• Primary causes may include constipation and stomach inflammation.
• Identifying the exact reason in infants and young children can be challenging.
• Keeping children well-hydrated during illness is crucial to prevent dehydration.
• It is important to consult a healthcare provider if the abdominal discomfort persists or if there are any concerning symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or blood in stool.
• Diet plays a significant role in managing abdominal discomfort in children, ensuring they consume a balanced diet with plenty of fiber.
• In some cases, certain foods or food intolerances may trigger abdominal discomfort, so it’s important to monitor and adjust the child’s diet accordingly.

What is abdominal pain in children?

If your child exhibits the following, seek medical attention promptly:

• Intense abdominal pain
• Persistent pain
• Signs of discomfort
• Concern for your child’s well-being

Abdominal pain, commonly found in children and infants, occurs between the ribcage and pelvis.

There are numerous causes for abdominal discomfort in children. Most incidents are not serious and show improvement within a few days.

This section focuses on abdominal discomfort in children below 12 years old. Information on abdominal pain in older children and adults is also available.

What symptoms are related to abdominal pain in children?

Abdominal pain might:

• Develop suddenly or gradually
• Remain constant or worsen
• Alter over time
• Come and go in intervals
• Vary in intensity

Observing the characteristics and location of the pain can aid in the diagnostic process.

Children facing abdominal distress may display additional symptoms and specific behaviors.

• Excessive crying
• Difficulty finding a comfortable position
• Preference for stillness
• Refusal of food or beverages
• Increased irritability
• Distinct facial expressions related to discomfort

ASSESS YOUR SYMPTOMS — Utilize the Symptom Checker to determine if medical assistance is necessary.

How can I help my child explain their pain symptoms?

Infants and young children may struggle to articulate their pain. Employ simple questioning techniques to identify symptoms.

Additional potential causes of abdominal pain in children include:

Food allergies

Children may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting after consuming certain foods they are allergic to, such as nuts, dairy, or gluten.

Stomach flu

Also known as viral gastroenteritis, stomach flu can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in children. It is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own within a few days.

Indigestion

Poor eating habits, overeating, or consuming spicy or fatty foods can lead to indigestion in children, resulting in abdominal discomfort and bloating.

Stress or anxiety

Children, especially older kids and teenagers, may experience abdominal pain as a physical symptom of stress or anxiety. This is known as functional abdominal pain and is common in this age group.

Urinary stones

Children can develop stones in the urinary tract, leading to abdominal pain, blood in the urine, and frequent urination. Treatment may involve hydration and sometimes medication or medical procedures.

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, can cause chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue in children. It requires long-term management under the care of a pediatric gastroenterologist.

It is important to consult a healthcare provider if your child is experiencing frequent or severe abdominal pain to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

How is the cause of abdominal pain diagnosed in children?

Diagnosing the cause of abdominal pain in children can be intricate, often necessitating time and a thorough evaluation.

In certain scenarios, diagnostic tests may be required.

Most children with stomach discomfort won’t require testing.

CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR — Prepare for your appointment using the Question Builder for guidance on querying your GP or specialist.

When should my child see a doctor?

Most children encounter abdominal pain at some point, typically harmless.

If your child experiences severe or worsening abdominal discomfort, seek medical assistance.

• Pale, sweaty complexion
• Signs of fatigue and lethargy
• Groin or testicular pain or swelling
• Refusal to drink or symptoms of dehydration

Make a medical appointment if your child experiences abdominal pain along with:

• Fever
• Difficulty or pain during urination
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
• Painful skin rash

When to seek urgent care

Visit the hospital emergency department if your child’s vomit appears green or bloody.

FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — Utilize the Service Finder to locate medical facilities, pharmacies, hospitals, and other health services.

Additional Tips:

• Keep track of any other symptoms your child may be experiencing, such as bloating or changes in bowel habits.
• Encourage your child to rest and avoid strenuous activities until they have seen a doctor.
• If your child has a pre-existing medical condition or is taking medication, inform the doctor during the appointment.

How is abdominal pain treated in babies and children?

Often, specific treatment is unnecessary, and self-care at home suffices.

Self-care at home

When tending to a child with stomach discomfort:

• Ensure adequate rest
• Offer small sips of clear fluids frequently
• Provide bland foods like crackers, bananas, or toast if they are hungry

Medicines

Pain relievers may be recommended, such as a suitable dosage of paracetamol based on age and weight. Seek advice from a pharmacist.

Avoid administering antibiotics for conditions like gastroenteritis, which are typically caused by viral infections.

Use oral rehydration solutions to prevent and treat dehydration.

Other treatments

In a hospital setting, additional treatments may include:

• Fluids administered via a nasogastric tube
• Intravenous fluids
• Potential surgical intervention

Resources and support

For child health inquiries, contact healthdirect at 1800 022 222 (NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria) or Pregnancy, Birth and Baby at 1800 882 436 for video consultations, available from 7 am to midnight (AET).

Abdominal pain is a common experience for most children, typically harmless but potentially indicative of a serious issue. Recognize the signs that necessitate immediate medical assessment.

Considerations

Address childhood abdominal discomfort based on its description, which can vary from generalized to localized pain. Look for signs like restlessness, leg-clutching, and reduced appetite in babies or young children. It is important to also consider other symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or bloating when assessing abdominal pain in children.

Causes

Abdominal pain in children can stem from diverse reasons, spanning from mild to severe conditions. Monitor the pain and seek medical aid if it persists or intensifies.

• Begin with home care but consult a healthcare provider if concerns arise.
• Avoid foods and medications that might exacerbate stomach issues.

• Encourage your child to drink plenty of water throughout the day to help keep their digestive system running smoothly.
• In addition to rice and applesauce, consider offering bananas and toast as they are easy on the stomach and can help alleviate discomfort.
• Avoid spicy, greasy, or high-fat foods as they can aggravate abdominal pain.
• If your child experiences frequent abdominal pain, consult with their pediatrician to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
• Teach your child the importance of proper hygiene, such as washing their hands before eating, to prevent stomach infections.
• Ensure your child gets enough sleep as fatigue can sometimes exacerbate abdominal pain.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Consult a healthcare provider if abdominal pain persists beyond 24 hours. Seek urgent medical help for specific symptoms or signs in your child.

• Inform a healthcare professional if the pain continues for a week or longer, or new symptoms develop.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

Discuss the pain’s location and pattern with a healthcare provider while noting associated symptoms. Various tests may be conducted to ascertain the cause.

Alternative Names

Abdominal pain in children; Stomach pain – children; Abdominal cramps in children; Children’s belly ache

References

References:

Refer to reputable sources like medical literature and journals for further information.

Review Date 7/1/2023

Information last reviewed on: 06/01/2028

Reviewed by: Healthcare professionals

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